Trade-offs and evolution of thermal adaptation in the Irish potato famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans

Temperature is one of the most important environmental parameters with crucial impacts on nearly all biological processes. Due to anthropogenic activity, average air temperatures are expected to increase by a few degrees in coming decades, accompanied by an increased occurrence of extreme temperature events. Such global trends are likely to have various major impacts on human society through their influence on natural ecosystems, food production and biotic interactions, including diseases. In this study, we used a combination of statistical genetics, experimental evolution and common garden experiments to investigate the evolutionary potential for thermal adaptation in the potato late blight pathogen, Phytophthora infestans, and infer its likely response to changing temperatures. We found a trade-off associated with thermal adaptation to heterogeneous environments in P. infestans, with the degree of the trade-off peaking approximately at the pathogen's optimum growth temperature. A gene...温度是最为关键的环境参数之一，对几乎所有生物过程均具有决定性影响。受人类活动影响，未来数十年全球平均气温预计将升高数摄氏度，同时极端温度事件的发生频次显著增加。此类全球气候变化趋势可通过影响自然生态系统、粮食生产以及包括病害在内的生物间相互作用，对人类社会产生多维度的重大影响。本研究结合统计遗传学（statistical genetics）、实验进化（experimental evolution）与同质园试验（common garden experiments），针对马铃薯晚疫病菌（致病疫霉，Phytophthora infestans）的温度适应进化潜力展开探究，并推测其对温度变化的潜在响应。本研究发现，致病疫霉对异质环境的温度适应存在进化权衡，且该权衡的强度在病菌的最适生长温度附近达到峰值。某基因……