基于高程变化及遥感影像的高亚洲地区跃动冰川数据集

The High Mountain Asia, which encompasses the Tibet Plateau and neighboring mountainous regions, is home to the largest number of glaciers outside the Earth’s polar regions. Since the end of the 20th century, global warming has caused dramatical recession of mountain glaciers in the High Mountain Asia, resulting in many glacial related hazards. As one of the glacial related hazards, glacier surges have the features of suddenness, concealment, and are difficult to detect their processes. They have been paid more and more attention by scholars around the world recent years. However, the development and distribution characteristics of surge-type glaciers in the High Mountain Asia are not clearly understood. Related dataset is urgently needed to fill this research gap. We co-registrated and differentiated of two digital elevation model datasets over the High Mountain Asia. Combining analysis of other glacial surface elevation change maps and historical optical satellite images since the 1970s, we identified 457 surge-type glaciers, including 362 glaciers surged within studied period and 95 likely surge-type glaciers. This dataset contains shapefiles describing locations, boundaries, and related attributes of the surge-type glaciers, and tables with surge evidences. This dataset can be taken as basic data for further studies on surge-type glaciers and reference for planning and construction of infrastructure in the High Mountain Asia. It can also provide reliable support for preventing life and property loss of residents caused by glacier surges.高亚洲地区（High Mountain Asia）涵盖青藏高原（Tibet Plateau）及周边山地，是地球极地之外冰川分布最集中的区域。自20世纪末以来，全球变暖导致高亚洲地区山地冰川发生急剧消退，引发了诸多冰川相关灾害。作为冰川相关灾害之一的冰川跃动（glacier surges），具有突发性、隐蔽性强且过程难以监测的特征，近年来受到全球学者的广泛关注。然而，目前学界对高亚洲地区跃动型冰川的发育与分布特征尚未形成清晰认识，亟需相关数据集填补这一研究空白。本研究对两套数字高程模型（digital elevation model，DEM）数据集进行了协同配准与差分处理，结合其他冰川表面高程变化图与1970年代以来的历史光学卫星影像开展分析，共识别出457条跃动型冰川，其中362条为研究时段内发生过跃动的冰川，95条为疑似跃动型冰川。本数据集包含描述跃动型冰川位置、边界及相关属性的形状文件（shapefile），以及包含跃动证据的表格数据。该数据集可作为开展跃动型冰川相关研究的基础数据，为高亚洲地区基础设施规划与建设提供参考，同时也可为防范冰川跃动导致的居民生命财产损失提供可靠支撑。