Fine-scale spatial genetic structure across the species range reflects recent colonization of high elevation habitats in silver fir (Abies alba Mill.)

Variation in genetic diversity across species ranges has long been recognized as highly informative for assessing populations’ resilience and adaptive potential. The spatial distribution of genetic diversity within populations, referred to as fine-scale spatial genetic structure (FSGS), also carries information about recent demographic changes, yet it has rarely been connected to range scale processes. We studied eight silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) population pairs (sites), growing at high and low elevations, representative of the main genetic lineages of the species. A total of 1368 adult trees and 540 seedlings were genotyped using 137 and 116 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), respectively. Sites revealed a clear east-west isolation-by-distance pattern consistent with the post-glacial colonization history of the species. Genetic differentiation among sites (FCT=0.148) was an order of magnitude greater than between elevations within sites (FSC=0.031), nevertheless high elevation ...长期以来，物种分布范围内的遗传多样性变异在评估种群恢复力与适应潜力方面均具有极高的信息价值。种群内部遗传多样性的空间分布即精细尺度空间遗传结构（fine-scale spatial genetic structure, FSGS），同样携带了种群近期动态变化的相关信息，但此前该特征极少与分布区尺度的生态过程相关联。本研究选取了代表该物种主要遗传谱系的8对银冷杉（*Abies alba* Mill.）种群样地，这些样地分别分布于高海拔与低海拔区域。共计对1368株成年植株与540株幼苗进行了基因分型，分别使用137个和116个单核苷酸多态性（single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs）标记。各样地均呈现出清晰的东-西距离隔离模式，与该物种冰期后拓殖的历史演化轨迹相符。各样地间的遗传分化（FCT=0.148）比样地内不同海拔间的遗传分化（FSC=0.031）高一个数量级，然而高海拔……