Epidemiological profile of thoracic trauma in a reference hospital of Foz do Rio Itajai.

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the epidemiological profile of thoracic trauma in the region of Foz do Rio Itajai, in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Methods: observational, descriptive and prospective study performed through the collection of data starting with a form elaborated by researchers and filled in by the team in charge of a reference hospital between June 2017 and May 2018. Results: one hundred and nineteen forms from victims of thoracic trauma were analyzed, constituted of 70.5% male patients and 29.4% female patients, with an average of 39.8 years of age. Medical care happened mainly in daytime (67.9%), 30.2% of patients arriving by their own means, and 52.9% of patients one hour after suffering trauma. As to admission exams, most victims only went through chest X-ray (67.2%). There was a prevalence of closed thoracic trauma (89%), whose main cause was motorcycle accidents (35.2%) and the predominant lesion was rib fracture (42%). Most patients (53.8%) went through a conservative treatment. The average admission time was 2.6 days and the death rate was 5%. Conclusion: the profile of patients with thoracic trauma in Itajai comprises young men, admitted during the day, most of them presenting rib fracture, with closed thoracic trauma due to a road traffic accident involving a motorcycle. Chest X-ray were used to confirm most of the diagnoses, and there was a prevalence for conservative treatment. The admission time and the death rate were smaller than those cited in medical literature, which can be explained by the high index of exclusive muscular lesions.摘要 研究目的：描述巴西圣卡塔琳娜州伊塔雅伊河河口地区胸部创伤（thoracic trauma）的流行病学特征。 研究方法：本研究为观察性、描述性前瞻性研究，通过研究者设计的病例表单收集数据，由当地指定转诊医院的负责团队填写，研究时段为2017年6月至2018年5月。 研究结果：本研究共分析119份胸部创伤受害者的病例表单，其中男性患者占70.5%，女性患者占29.4%，患者平均年龄为39.8岁。患者就诊时段以日间为主（67.9%），30.2%的患者自行前往就医，52.9%的患者于创伤发生后1小时内抵达医院。在入院检查项目方面，多数患者仅接受胸部X线检查（67.2%）。闭合性胸部创伤占比最高（89%），其主要致病原因为摩托车交通事故（35.2%），最常见的损伤为肋骨骨折（42%）。多数患者（53.8%）接受保守治疗，平均住院时长为2.6天，病死率为5%。 研究结论：伊塔雅伊地区胸部创伤患者的群体特征为年轻男性，多在日间就诊，多数患者存在肋骨骨折，致病原因多为摩托车相关道路交通事故导致的闭合性胸部创伤。多数患者通过胸部X线检查明确诊断，且以保守治疗为主要干预手段。本次研究的平均住院时长及病死率均低于现有医学文献报道水平，这一现象可归因于单纯肌肉损伤的占比较高。