Fibrinogen alpha chain promotes the formation of CaOx crystal nuclei by binding to oxalic acid

The pathophysiology of Randall's plaque formation has been studied from various perspectives; however, few studies have investigated renal tissue and microenvironmental changes, such as tubular dilation occurring prior to plaque formation. Although previous reports have identified tubular dilation in the renal tissues of patients with kidney stones, the causal relationship between these changes and stone formation remains unclear. A histological approach is needed to determine which sites in the renal tissue are involved in stone formation. We aimed to identify the site of crystal formation and the early histological changes associated with crystal formation, as well as to identify new factors involved in crystal formation by identifying the genes that are specifically upregulated in the tissue and that participate in stone formation. To investigate the molecular changes occurring in the proximal tubules and the novel gene target, we divided the kidneys of each group of rats into the cortex and medulla, extracted the total RNA, and performed DNA microarray analysis. Two microarray analyses were performed in the cortex and medulla of kidney, and the genes with a fold-change ≥ 2.0 were selected as variable genes, and the genes that were variable in both analyses were designated as genes with variable expression.