Cultural Resources Resurvey, Relocation, Assessment, and Evaluation of 117 Archaeological Sites for the Fannin-McFarland and Tucson Aqueducts, Central Arizona Project Canal, Maricopa, Pinal, and Pima Counties, Arizona

In compliance with Section 106 of the NHPA, the Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation), Phoenix Area Office (PXAO) began cultural resource surveys along the Central Arizona Project (CAP) main stem alignment shortly after the CAP was authorized. For the next 25 years, various cultural resource management contractors conducted inventories of the CAP, recording several hundred archaeological sites. From the 1970s to the 1980s, some of these sites were tested and/or excavated as mitigation for the construction of the CAP main stem canal. While many sites were determined eligible or not eligible for the National Register of Historic Places (Register), some did not receive eligibility determinations and some were located outside of the construction corridor and not affected by construction activities. The legacy survey data and site records from these various investigations have a number of errors and are sometimes contradictory. In an effort to better manage cultural resources on Reclamation land, PXAO has developed an archaeological site database for the CAP canal. The database was developed using all the previous main stem survey data; however, the Register eligibility status of the majority of these sites was unknown following completion of the CAP. Additionally, an unknown number of sites were either destroyed by construction or excavation, while others are no longer within Reclamation’s CAP ROW. It is necessary that the database accurately reflects the current Register eligibility status of all archaeological sites within the CAP ROW to ensure that PXAO can effectively manage these sites. To this end, PXAO has been updating its database and conducted consultation with the Arizona State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) in 2015, seeking to resolve the eligibility status of sites within the CAP ROW. Following this consultation, the SHPO and PXAO agreed that based on the assessment data provided, further work was required on 117 sites along the Fannin-McFarland and Tucson Aqueducts. For 24 sites determined eligible for the Register, the maps from the original surveys were insufficient. For another 93 sites, the data provided was insufficient to determine whether a site was eligible or ineligible for inclusion in the Register.为符合《历史遗迹保护法》（National Historic Preservation Act，NHPA）第106条要求，美国垦务局（Bureau of Reclamation）凤凰城地区办事处（PXAO）在亚利桑那州中部工程（CAP）获批后不久，即沿CAP主输水渠线路开展文化资源调查。随后25年间，多家文化资源管理承包商对CAP区域开展普查，记录了数百处考古遗址。1970年代至1980年代，部分遗址接受考古勘探或发掘，作为CAP主输水渠建设的文物影响减缓措施。尽管多数遗址已被认定符合或不符合《国家史迹名录》（National Register of Historic Places，Register）收录资格，但仍有部分遗址未完成资格认定，另有部分遗址位于建设廊道之外，未受施工活动影响。上述各项调查遗留的数据与遗址档案存在诸多错误，且部分内容相互矛盾。 为更好地管理垦务局管辖土地内的文化资源，PXAO针对CAP输水渠搭建了考古遗址数据库。该数据库整合了此前所有主渠线路的调查数据，但CAP工程完工后，多数遗址的《国家史迹名录》收录资格状态仍未明确。此外，尚有数量不明的遗址因施工或发掘遭到损毁，另有部分遗址不再处于垦务局CAP项目用地范围（ROW）内。为确保PXAO能够对遗址实施有效管理，数据库需准确反映CAP项目用地范围（ROW）内所有考古遗址当前的《国家史迹名录》收录资格状态。为此，PXAO一直在更新其数据库，并于2015年与亚利桑那州历史保护办公室（SHPO）开展磋商，以明确CAP项目用地范围（ROW）内各遗址的收录资格。此次磋商后，SHPO与PXAO达成一致：根据现有评估数据，范宁-麦克法兰德输水渠与图森输水渠沿线的117处遗址需开展进一步工作。其中24处已被认定符合名录收录资格的遗址，其原始调查测绘资料不足；另有93处遗址，现有数据不足以判定其是否符合《国家史迹名录》的收录资格。