Fine-scale local adaptation in an invasive freshwater fish has evolved in contemporary time

Adaptive evolutionary change in only a few generations can increase the ability of non-native invasive species to spread, and yet adaptive divergence is rarely assessed in recently established populations. In this paper, we experimentally test for evidence of fine-scale local adaptation in juvenile survival and growth among three populations of an invasive freshwater fish with reciprocal transplants and common-garden experiments. Despite intrinsic differences in habitat quality, in two out of three populations we detected evidence of increased survival in ‘home’ vs. ‘away’ environments with a Bayesian occupancy model fitted to mark-recapture data. We found support for the ‘local vs. foreign’ criterion of local adaptation as 14 out of 15 pairwise comparisons of performance were consistent with local adaptation (p &lt; 0.001). Patterns in growth were less clear, though we detected evidence of location and population-level effects. Although the agents of divergent ecological selection are ...仅需数代的适应性演化改变即可提升外来入侵物种的扩散能力，但针对新近定殖种群的适应性分化研究却鲜有开展。本研究针对一种入侵淡水鱼类的三个种群，通过互作移植实验（reciprocal transplants）与共同花园实验（common-garden experiments），对幼体存活与生长的精细尺度本地适应性证据开展实验检验。尽管栖息地质量存在固有差异，基于标记重捕数据拟合的贝叶斯占用模型（Bayesian occupancy model），我们在三个种群中的两个种群内检测到个体在‘本土’环境相较于‘异地’环境存活率提升的相关证据。本研究共完成15组性能两两比较，其中14组结果符合本地适应性的‘本地vs外来’（local vs. foreign）判定标准（p < 0.001），为该标准提供了支持证据。生长模式的相关结果则相对模糊，但我们仍检测到了生境位置与种群水平效应的相关证据。尽管引发分化性生态选择的作用因子尚未阐明……