Natural and anthropogenic pressures shape spatial distribution and niche partitioning in fruit-feeding butterflies across Madagascar's fragmented landscapes

This dataset contains ecological community data and environmental covariates for butterfly (Lepidoptera) populations sampled across multiple municipalities in Madagascar, including Antsirabe, Manjakandriana, and Tsiroanomandidy. The data captures species abundance, richness, and diversity metrics across various landscapes differing in forest cover percentages (classified from low to high). It includes detailed, site-level environmental measurements such as vegetation structure (tree/shrub density and herb cover), physical relief, remote sensing indices (EVI), and proximity to human disturbances (roads, residences, and grazing index).