Trend in amelioration of nephropathy by meglumine in female diabetic mice.

Kidney sections obtained from KK.Cg-Ay/J mice treated with or without meglumine in their drinking water for seven months were examined blindly by a kidney pathologist for evidence of nephritis, hydronephrosis, atrophy-fibrosis, glomerulosclerosis and tubular dilation. Severity was ranked qualitatively using a 0–4 scale where 0 = normal and 4 = severe lesion. The values presented in the Table represent the mean ± SE using this scale. Females in this model exhibit more nephropathy than males, the latter of which did not exhibit the beneficial trend seen in females. ♂, male; ♀, female; n, number of mice examined.