Data for study Conventional land-use intensification reduces species richness and increases production: A global meta-analysis

Most current research on land‐use intensification addresses its potential to either threaten biodiversity or to boost agricultural production. However, little is known about the simultaneous effects of intensification on biodiversity and yield. To determine the responses of species richness and yield to conventional intensification, this dataset was created and a global meta‐analysis on it was carried out, thus synthesizing 115 studies. The dataset consists of 449 cases that cover a variety of areas used for agricultural (crops, fodder) and silvicultural (wood) production. It was found that across all production systems and species groups, conventional intensification is successful in increasing yield (grand mean + 20.3%), but it also results in a loss of species richness (−8.9%). However, analysis of sub‐groups revealed inconsistent results. Within high‐intensity systems species losses were non‐significant but yield gains were substantial (+15.2%). Conventional intensification within medium intensity systems revealed the highest yield increase (+84.9%) and showed the largest loss in species richness (−22.9%). Production systems differed in their magnitude of richness response, with insignificant changes in silvicultural systems and substantial losses in crop systems (−21.2%). In addition, this meta‐analysis identifies a lack of studies that collect robust biodiversity (i.e. beyond species richness) and yield data at the same sites and that provide quantitative information on land‐use intensity. These findings suggest that, in many cases, conventional land‐use intensification drives a trade‐off between species richness and production. However, species richness losses were often not significantly different from zero, suggesting even conventional intensification can result in yield increases without coming at the expense of biodiversity loss. These results, which were published in a paper titled Conventional land‐use intensification reduces species richness and increases production: A global meta‐analysis, could guide future research to close existing research gaps, and to understand the circumstances required to achieve such win‐win or win‐no‐harm situations in conventional agriculture.当前绝大多数关于土地利用集约化（land-use intensification）的研究，均围绕其对生物多样性的威胁或农业生产的促进作用展开。然而，学界对土地利用集约化同时作用于生物多样性与作物产量的综合效应却鲜有研究涉及。为明确物种丰富度（species richness）与作物产量对常规土地利用集约化的响应规律，本数据集得以构建，并以此开展了一项全球荟萃分析（meta-analysis），最终整合了115项相关研究。 该数据集包含449组案例，覆盖了用于农业（作物种植、饲料生产）与林业生产（silvicultural production）的各类用地。研究显示，在所有生产系统与物种类群中，常规土地利用集约化均可有效提升作物产量（总平均增幅达20.3%），但同时也会造成物种丰富度下降（平均降幅为8.9%）。 但亚组分析结果却呈现出不一致性：在高集约度生产系统中，物种丰富度的下降无统计学显著性，但作物产量仍实现了显著增长（增幅达15.2%）；在中等集约度系统中实施常规土地利用集约化，可实现最高的产量增幅（84.9%），同时也会造成最大幅度的物种丰富度下降（22.9%）。不同生产系统的物种丰富度响应幅度存在差异：林业系统的物种丰富度变化无统计学显著性，而作物系统则出现了显著的物种丰富度损失（降幅达21.2%）。 此外，本次荟萃分析还发现当前研究存在明显缺口：鲜有研究能在同一地块同时采集可靠的生物多样性数据（即不限于物种丰富度维度）与产量数据，且未针对土地利用集约度提供量化信息。上述结果表明，在多数场景下，常规土地利用集约化会引发物种丰富度与生产产出之间的权衡（trade-off）。但物种丰富度的下降幅度往往与零无统计学显著性差异，这意味着即便实施常规土地利用集约化，也有可能在不损害生物多样性的前提下实现产量提升。 本研究结果已发表于题为《常规土地利用集约化降低物种丰富度并提升生产产出：一项全球荟萃分析》的论文中，这些结果可为未来研究提供指引：填补现有研究缺口，明确在常规农业中实现双赢或零损害局面所需的具体条件。