Pressures and threats for individual bird species: Tenth UK Report for Article 12 of the EU Birds Directive (2008-2012)

This dataset records the principal factors responsible for causing individual bird species to decline, suppressing their numbers or restricting their ranges. In accordance with the EU guidelines, It has only been be completed for species triggering SPA classifications.
These data were submitted by the UK to the EU as part of the Tenth UK Report for Article 12 of the EU Birds Directive (2008-2012).
An EU standardised list of pressures and threats was used for this report. See http://bd.eionet.europa.eu/activities/Reporting/Article_12/reference_portal.
The Identifier column is made up of a combination of season (B=breeding, P=passage and W=Wintering) and the standard EU bird codes (NOWAK codes).

The relative importance of each of the pressures and threats has been ranked in one of three categories:
* H = High importance/impact: Important direct or immediate influence, and/or acting over large areas.
* M = Medium importance/impact: Medium direct or immediate influence, mainly indirect influence, and/or acting over moderate part of the area/ regionally only.
* L = Low importance/impact: Low direct or immediate influence, indirect influence, and/or acting over small part of the area/ locally only.
The reliability of the impact score given in the column "c) Quality of impact assessment":
* 3 = Good â e.g. evidence exists from experimental studies showing that the factor has an influence on the species.
* 2 = Moderate â e.g. correlational studies strongly indicate that the factor has an influence on the species, but its impact has not been tested.
* 1 = Poor â e.g. expert opinion suggests that the factor could plausibly have an influence on the species, but without any evidence.

The primary location of each reported impact is shown in the "location" field as follows :
* 4 = Inside the Member State
* 3 = Elsewhere in the EU
* 2 = Outside EU
* 1 = Both inside and outside EU
* x = Unknown

本数据集记录了导致个体鸟类物种数量减少、抑制其数量或限制其分布范围的主要因素。根据欧盟指南，该数据集仅针对触发SPA分类的物种予以完成。这些数据作为英国第十份关于欧盟鸟类指令第12条（2008-2012年）的欧盟报告的一部分提交给了欧盟。本报告采用欧盟标准化的压力和威胁清单。详见http://bd.eionet.europa.eu/activities/Reporting/Article_12/reference_portal。标识符列由季节（B=繁殖期，P=迁徙期和W=越冬期）与标准欧盟鸟类代码（NOWAK代码）的组合构成。每种压力和威胁的相对重要性已按以下三个类别之一进行评级：* H = 高重要性/影响：具有重要直接的或立即的影响，以及/或在大面积范围内起作用。* M = 中等重要性/影响：具有中等直接的或立即的影响，主要是间接影响，以及/或仅在中等区域/地区范围内起作用。* L = 低重要性/影响：具有低直接的或立即的影响，间接影响，以及/或仅在局部范围内起作用。在“c）影响评估质量”列中给出的影响评分的可靠性如下：* 3 = 良好——例如，实验研究表明该因素对物种有影响。* 2 = 中等——例如，相关性研究表明该因素对物种有影响，但其影响尚未经过测试。* 1 = 差——例如，专家意见表明该因素可能对物种有影响，但没有任何证据。每个报告影响的主要地点在“位置”字段中显示如下：* 4 = 在成员国境内* 3 = 在欧盟其他地方* 2 = 在欧盟以外* 1 = 在欧盟境内和境外* x = 未知