Determinants of successful AAV delivery of HIV-1 bNAbs in early life

A single AAV vector dose delivering broadly neutralizing antibody 3BNC117 at birth provided over 3 years of protection against HIV-like infection in infant rhesus macaques. Neonatal administration was most effective due to immune tolerance, which reduced anti-drug antibodies and enabled sustained bNAb expression. This approach offers a promising one-time gene therapy strategy to prevent perinatal and adolescent HIV-1 infections. A total of 65 rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) of Indian origin were utilized in this study Newborn infant and juvenile rhesus macaques were divided into nine groups in total and treated with different AAV vectors delivering HIV-1 broadly neutralizing agents at different timepoints and blood plasma was collected to perform RNA-sequencing.