ISSP 2018: Religion IV, Lithuania, April 2019

The purpose of the study: to explore the views of the Lithuanian population on religion and to find out about their religious behaviour and experiences. Major investigated questions: respondents we asked if they were to consider their life in general these days, how happy or unhappy would they be on the whole. Respondents were asked, all things considered, how satisfied are they with their relationships with family members. The questionnaire seeks answers on whether it is wrong or not wrong if a married person has sexual relations with someone other than his or her husband or wife; sexual relations between two adults of the same sex; whether it is wrong or not wrong for a woman to have an abortion if the family has a very low income and cannot afford any more children. Respondents were asked to agree or disagree with the following statement that “a husband's job is to earn money; a wife's job is to care for the home and family”. In addition, the level of confidence in the Lithuanian parliament, business and industry, church and religious organizations, courts and legal system, and the schools and educational system was assessed. The questionnaire asked respondents to agree or disagree on the following statements: “Religious leaders should not try to influence how people vote in elections”; “We trust too much in science and not enough in religious faith” (and other statements; 4 statements in total). Respondents were asked if they think that churches and religious organizations in Lithuania have too much or too little power, as if they would accept a person from a different religion or with a very different religious view from theirs if they decided to marry respondents’ relative. The respondents’ opinion was asked about religious extremists, that is, people who believe that their religion is the only true faith and all other religions should be considered as enemies, should be able to hold public meetings to express their views and to publish their views on the Internet or social networks. Next, the survey asked Lithuanians to rate and describe their relationship with God. Questions were asked whether respondents believe in life after death, heaven, hell, religious miracles, and the supernatural powers of deceased ancestors. It also asked whether respondents agree or disagree with the following statements about “There is a God who concerns Himself with every human being personally”; “There is little that people can do to change the course of their lives” (and other statements; 6 statements in total). Respondents were also asked whether their religion treats men and women equally, treat men better than women, or treat women better than men. Further clarification was taken on what the religious preferences were when they were children, as well as in what religion respondents were raised in. The questionnaire also asked how often did respondents mother and father attended religious services when they both, respondent and their parents were kids, when they were around 11 or 12, how often did they then attend religious services. Further during the questioning respondents were asked how often do they pray, do they take part in the activities or organizations of a church or place of worship other than attending services, as well as during the last 12 months, have they read or listened to the reading of any holy scripture such as the Bible, Buddhist sutra, Koran, Sruti, Torah, or other religious scripture, not counting any reading that happened during a worship service. They were asked to tell whether, for religious reasons, they have a shrine, altar, or other religious object in their home, such as a crucifix, a painting of the Mother of God, an icon, a menorah, paintings of saints, or statuettes. The questionnaire asked whether, for religious reasons, they visit a holy place e.g. church, Orthodox church, synagogue, etc. excluding visits to regular places of worship. The survey asked Lithuanians to describe their degree of religiosity and their relationship to religion. Respondents were asked do they agree or disagree that practicing a religion helps people to make friends and gain comfort in times of trouble or sorrow. They were asked if they agree or disagree with the following statements, such as “Religions are usually a barrier to equality between women and men”; “Governments should not interfere with attempts of any religion to spread its faith” (and other statements; 6 statements in total). Respondents were asked their opinion about Christians, Muslims, Hindus, Buddhists, Jews, Atheists or non-believers. Furthermore, respondents were asked to describe their health and asked if they had a turning point in their life when they committed to religion. The questionnaire asked whether the respondents would agree or disagree with the following statements such as “Good luck charms sometimes do bring good luck”; “Some fortune tellers really can foresee the future” (and other statements, 4 statements in total)....

研究目的：旨在探究立陶宛民众对宗教的看法，并了解他们的宗教行为与经历。主要研究问题包括：调查对象被问及，若以现今之生活状况总体而论，他们将会感到何等的快乐或痛苦。调查对象还被问及，在全面考虑之后，他们对与家庭成员的关系满意程度如何。问卷旨在探讨，已婚人士与配偶之外的人发生性关系是否为非道德行为；同性成年人之间是否为非道德行为；在家庭收入极低且无力再养育更多子女的情况下，女性堕胎是否为非道德行为。调查对象被要求对以下陈述表示同意或不同意：“丈夫的职责是赚钱；妻子的职责是照料家庭”。此外，还对立陶宛议会、商业和工业、教会和宗教组织、法院和司法体系以及学校和教育体系的信心水平进行了评估。问卷要求调查对象对以下陈述表示同意或不同意：“宗教领袖不应试图影响人们在选举中的投票行为”；“我们过度信任科学，而不足以信赖宗教信仰”（以及其他陈述，共计4条）。调查对象还被问及，他们认为立陶宛的教堂和宗教组织是否拥有过多或过少的权力，以及如果他们决定与持不同宗教观点或来自不同宗教的人结婚，他们是否会接受这样的伴侣。调查对象对宗教极端主义者，即那些坚信自己宗教是唯一真正信仰并将其他宗教视为敌对势力的观点，是否应该能够举行公共集会以表达观点、在互联网或社交媒体上发布观点的意见进行了调查。接下来，调查询问立陶宛人对与上帝关系的评价。问题包括调查对象是否相信死后生命、天堂、地狱、宗教奇迹以及已故祖先的超自然力量。还询问了调查对象是否同意以下陈述：“有一位上帝关心每一个人的个人生活”；“人们几乎无法改变他们生活的轨迹”（以及其他陈述，共计6条）。调查对象还被问及他们的宗教是否平等对待男女，是否更重视男性而非女性，或是否更重视女性而非男性。进一步调查了他们在儿童时期的宗教偏好，以及他们被抚养的宗教信仰。问卷还询问了调查对象的母亲和父亲在调查对象及其父母都是孩子，大约11或12岁时，以及他们那时参加宗教仪式的频率。在询问过程中，调查对象还被问及他们祈祷的频率，是否参加除参加仪式外的教会或宗教场所的活动或组织，以及在过去12个月内，他们是否阅读或听过任何圣典，如圣经、佛教经文、古兰经、吠陀、托拉或其他宗教圣典，不包括在宗教仪式期间的阅读。他们还被要求说明，是否因宗教原因在家中设有神龛、祭坛或其他宗教物品，如十字架、圣母玛利亚的画像、圣像、烛台、圣徒画像或雕像。问卷还询问了他们是否因宗教原因访问过圣地，例如教堂、东正教堂、犹太教堂等，不包括访问常规的宗教场所。调查要求立陶宛人描述他们的宗教虔诚程度及其与宗教的关系。调查对象被问及，他们是否同意宗教实践有助于人们在困境或悲伤时结交朋友并获得安慰。他们还被问及是否同意以下陈述，例如：“好运符有时确实能带来好运”；“一些占卜者真的能预知未来”（以及其他陈述，共计4条）。调查对象还被问及他们对基督徒、穆斯林、印度教徒、佛教徒、犹太人、无神论者或非信徒的看法。此外，调查对象还被要求描述他们的健康状况，并问及他们是否在人生中经历了转向宗教的转折点。问卷还询问调查对象是否同意以下陈述：“好运符有时确实能带来好运”；“一些占卜者真的能预知未来”（以及其他陈述，共计4条）。