Analyses and data for: Planning for winter peaking power systems in the United States

Please refer to the accompanying manuscript for more information about this dataset and analyses. Summary from the paper: "For this study, we merged multiple datasets at regional, balancing authority (BA), and sub-independent system operator (ISO)/regional transmission organization (RTO) levels to determine trends on the seasonality of peak demand across the contiguous United States. The U.S. Energy Information Administration Form 930 (EIA Form 930, 2021) provides hourly demand data at the regional and BA levels. There are thirteen regions for which hourly demand is calculated by aggregating data from BAs within that region (see Figure A.1 in Appendix A for a map of the EIA regions). To further disaggregate three large regions, we obtained sub-ISO/RTO demand data for the Midcontinent Independent System Operator (MISO), PJM, and the Southwest Power Pool (SPP). We refer to BAs and sub-ISO/RTO regions collectively as subregions and include those with a median demand >0.5 GW (see Figure A.1 for a map of the eighty subregions and corresponding EIA regions). At all spatial resolutions, we consider hourly demand data from 2016 to 2021. Additionally, we use spatially resolved data on the primary home heating source (United States Census Bureau, 2021) and the daily minimum and maximum temperatures for 58 weather stations (Diamond et al., 2013). The supplementary information section includes the full dataset and associated calculations."

有关本数据集及相关分析的更多细节，请参阅随附的手稿文稿。本研究的论文摘要如下：为探究美国本土48州范围内峰荷需求的季节性变化趋势，本研究整合了区域级、平衡机构（balancing authority, BA）以及次一级独立系统运营商（independent system operator, ISO）/区域输电组织（regional transmission organization, RTO）层面的多组数据集。美国能源信息署930号表格（U.S. Energy Information Administration Form 930，简称EIA Form 930，2021）提供了区域级与BA层面的逐小时用电需求数据。研究共划定13个区域，各区域的逐小时用电需求通过汇总该区域内所有BA的需求数据计算得到，EIA区域的分布地图详见附录A中的图A.1。为进一步拆分三个大型区域，我们获取了中大陆独立系统运营商（Midcontinent Independent System Operator, MISO）、PJM以及西南电力池（Southwest Power Pool, SPP）的次一级ISO/RTO用电需求数据。本研究将BA与次一级ISO/RTO区域统称为次区域，并纳入用电需求中位数大于0.5吉瓦（GW）的次区域，80个次区域及其对应EIA区域的分布地图详见图A.1。在所有空间分辨率维度下，我们均采用2016年至2021年的逐小时用电需求数据。此外，本研究还使用了两类空间分辨数据：其一为美国家庭主要采暖热源数据（美国人口普查局，2021），其二为58个气象站点的逐日最高、最低气温数据（Diamond等，2013）。补充材料部分包含完整数据集与相关计算过程。