Data from: Characterizing male-female interactions using natural genetic variation in Drosophila melanogaster

Drosophila melanogaster females commonly mate with multiple males establishing the opportunity for pre- and post-copulatory sexual selection. Traits impacting sexual selection can be affected by a complex interplay of the genotypes of the competing males, the genotype of the female and compatibilities between the males and females. We scored males from 96 2nd and 94 3rd chromosome substitution lines for traits affecting reproductive success when mated to females from three different genetic backgrounds. The traits included male induced female refractoriness, male remating ability, the proportion of offspring sired under competitive conditions and male induced female fecundity. We observed significant effects of male line, female genetic background and strong male by female interactions. Some males appeared to be “generalists” and performed consistently across the different females; other males appeared to be “specialists” and performed very well with a particular female and poorly with others. "Specialist" males did not, however, prefer to court those females with whom they had the highest reproductive fitness. Using 143 polymorphisms in male reproductive genes, we mapped several genes that had consistent effects across the different females including a derived, high fitness allele in Acp26Aa that may be the target of adaptive evolution. We also identified a polymorphism upstream of PebII that may interact with the female genetic background to affect male induced refractoriness to remating. These results suggest that natural variation in PebII might contribute to the observed male-female interactions.黑腹果蝇（Drosophila melanogaster）雌性普遍存在多次交配行为，这为交配前和交配后性选择创造了条件。影响性选择的性状，会受到竞争雄性的基因型、雌性自身基因型以及雌雄个体间兼容性的复杂互作调控。本研究针对96个第二染色体替换品系与94个第三染色体替换品系的雄性个体，检测其与三种不同遗传背景的雌性交配时，影响繁殖成功率的相关性状。所检测的性状包括：雄性诱导的雌性交配后不应性、雄性再次交配能力、竞争受精条件下的父本后代比例，以及雄性诱导的雌性繁殖力。研究观测到雄性品系、雌性遗传背景均存在显著效应，且雄雌个体间存在强烈的互作效应。部分雄性属于“泛化型”，在不同雌性遗传背景下的交配表现均较为稳定；另有部分雄性为“特化型”，仅与特定雌性交配时表现优异，与其他雌性交配时则表现欠佳。值得注意的是，“特化型”雄性并不会优先向与其繁殖适合度最高的雌性进行求偶。本研究利用雄性生殖基因中的143个遗传多态性位点，定位到多个在不同雌性背景下均具有稳定效应的基因，其中包括Acp26Aa基因中一个衍生的高适合度等位基因，该基因可能是适应性进化的靶标。此外，我们还鉴定到PebII基因上游区域的一个遗传多态性位点，该位点可能与雌性遗传背景发生互作，进而影响雄性诱导的雌性再次交配不应性。上述结果表明，PebII基因的自然遗传变异可能是观测到的雄雌互作现象的重要成因之一。