Unlocking Value: A Bibliometric Exploration of Data Monetization in PSS

The growing integration of Industry 4.0 technologies has positioned data monetization (DM) as a critical enabler for value creation, delivery, and capture in product-service systems (PSS). While the academic literature on DM has expanded rapidly, particularly in relation to servitization and smart PSS, it remains scattered and fragmented. There is a compelling need to systematically organize the existing literature, discerning what has been explored, what remains to be learned, and which areas are pivotal for advancing academic literature and industry. To answer this, we conducted a bibliometric analysis of 155 scientific studies across management, social science, engineering, computer science, decision science, and the environment. We identified five distinct clusters within the literature: 1) Customer-Centric Smart Product Service Systems, 2) Sustainable PSS with Data Strategies, 3) Data Monetization Applications, Enablers, and Barriers,  4) Data-enabled Pricing Models, Strategies, and Value Creation, and 5) Data-Driven Smart Sales.  Each cluster was analyzed through in-depth content coding to explore prevailing themes, theories, methods, and research gaps. By structuring the academic landscape, this study reveals how DM is currently framed, what remains underexplored, and which areas are critical for theoretical development and empirical investigation. The findings provide a foundation for advancing research on monetizing data within PSS and offer clear directions for future inquiry in both academia and industry.