Data from: Local divergence of thermal reaction norms among amphibian populations is affected by pond temperature variation

While temperature variation is known to cause large-scale adaptive divergence, its potential role as a selective factor over microgeographic scales is less well understood. Here, we investigated how variation in breeding pond temperature affects divergence in multiple physiological (thermal performance curve (TPC) and critical thermal maximum (CTmax)) and life history (thermal developmental reaction norms (TDRN)) traits in a network of Rana arvalis populations. The results supported adaptive responses to face two main constraints limiting the evolution of thermal adaptation. First, we found support for the faster-slower model, indicating an adaptive response to compensate for the thermodynamic constraint of low temperatures in colder environments. Secondly, for the generalist-specialist trade-off with populations from colder and less thermally variable environments exhibiting a specialist phenotype performing at higher rates but over a narrower range of temperatures. By contrast, the local optimal temperature for locomotor performance and CTmax did not match either mean or maximum pond temperatures. These results highlight the complexity of the adaptive multiple-trait thermal responses in natural populations, and the role of local thermal variability as a selective force driving diversity in life history and physiological traits in the presence of gene flow.尽管温度变化已被证实可引发大规模适应性分化，但其作为选择因子在微地理尺度上的潜在作用仍未得到充分阐释。本研究以沼泽林蛙（Rana arvalis）种群网络为研究对象，探讨繁殖池水温差异如何影响多项生理性状——热性能曲线（thermal performance curve, TPC）与临界高温上限（critical thermal maximum, CTmax）——以及生活史性状——热发育反应规范（thermal developmental reaction norms, TDRN）——的分化。研究结果支持了两类限制热适应演化的核心约束下的适应性响应：其一，我们验证了“快-慢模型”，该模型表明寒冷环境中的种群可通过适应性响应补偿低温带来的热力学限制；其二，针对泛化-特化权衡现象，来自寒冷且热变异性较低环境的种群呈现特化表型：其生理速率更高，但可适应的温度范围更窄。与之相对，运动性能与临界高温上限的局域最优温度，既未匹配繁殖池的平均水温，也未匹配其最高水温。本研究结果凸显了自然种群中多性状适应性热响应的复杂性，同时揭示了在存在基因流的背景下，局域热变异性作为选择压力推动生活史与生理性状多样性演化的关键作用。