ZOOTECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE INDEX OF MILK PRODUCTION SYSTEMS WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF LABOR

The objective of this research was to estimate reference zootechnical and economic performance indices, evaluate the influence of different types of labor on the technical and economic results and identify the components that had greater representativeness on the total and effective operational cost of dairy farms. We analyzed 38 size, zootechnical, and economic indicators of 61 milk production systems, grouped according to the type of labor. The data were collected during January 2002 to December 2011 period. The results were compared by ANOVA test (normal distribution), complemented by LSD test, and Kruskal-Wallis test (non-normal distribution), also complemented by LSD test. Reference performance indices should be considered, taking into account the factors that are common to dairy farms. The type of labor does not seem to determine the economic efficiency of the dairy production system. The items of total and effective operational cost that had greater representativeness were, in descending order, feeding and labor to hired and mixed labor groups, and feeding and various expenses to family labor.本研究旨在估算参考畜牧学（zootechnical）与经济绩效指标，评估不同用工类型对技术经济成效的影响，并明确对奶牛场总运营成本及有效运营成本具有更高代表性的构成项。我们对按用工类型分组的61个奶业生产系统的38项规模、畜牧学指标及经济指标进行了分析。数据采集时段为2002年1月至2011年12月。研究结果采用方差分析（ANOVA，适用于正态分布数据）辅以最小显著差法（LSD）检验，以及克鲁斯卡尔-沃利斯检验（Kruskal-Wallis，适用于非正态分布数据），并均辅以LSD检验进行结果比对。在确定参考绩效指标时，应结合奶牛场的共通影响因素。用工类型似乎并不会决定奶牛生产系统的经济效率。在总运营成本与有效运营成本中，代表性较强的构成项按降序排列为：雇佣用工组与混合用工组的饲喂成本及用工成本，家庭用工组的饲喂成本与各类杂项支出。