Responses of native plants infected following inoculation with introduced and indigenous viruses.

For an explanation of virus acronyms and isolates see Table 1. G = Generalist, S = Specialist, I = Indigenous. Sap inoculation used except with HarMV to H. comptoniana (sap, aphid and graft inoculation all used), and TuYV (only aphid inoculation used), * = aphid inoculation, ** = graft inoculation. Virus detection in leaf samples from inoculated or non-inoculated leaves was by ELISA. Samples from inoculated or tip leaves were grouped separately initially for each virus-plant species combination, but if virus infection was detected each sample was tested individually.Coded symptom descriptions:Inoculated leaves – CLP, chlorotic line patterns; CLST, chlorotic leaf streaking; ELCR, expanding local chlorotic rings; ELCS, expanding local chlorotic spots or blotches; ELNR, expanding local necrotic rings; ELNS, expanding local necrotic spots; LCR, local chlorotic rings; LCS, local chlorotic spots or blotches; N/A = Not applicable; NLP, necrotic line patterns; LNR, local necrotic rings; LNS, local necrotic spots; NLST, necrotic leaf streaking; SI, symptomless infection; VN, veinal necrosis.Non-inoculated leaves – C, chlorosis or palor; CLP, chlorotic line patterns; CLST, chlorotic leaf streaking; DC, downcurling of leaves; EN, enations; LBU, leaf bunching; LD, leaf deformation; LLBR, lower leaf bronzing; LNS, systemic necrotic spotting; M, mosaic; MM, mild mosaic; NI, not infected; NLST, necrotic leaf streaking; NSST, necrotic stem streaking; PD, plant death; PLD, premature leaf drop; SCR, systemic chlorotic rings; SCS, systemic chlorotic spots or blotches; SHS, shoestring symptoms; SN, systemic necrosis; SNF, systemic necrotic flecking; SNR, systemic necrotic rings; SS, symptomless systemic infection; SC, St, stunting; STD, shoot tip death; TLBU, tip leaf bunching; VB, vein banding; VC, vein clearing; VN, veinal necrosis.