<b><i>In vivo</i></b><b> functional Screening on Innate Immunity of Lactic Acid Bacteria in </b><b><i>Galleria mellonella</i></b><b> </b><b>preclinical model</b><b>: Comparative Analysis of </b><b><i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum </i></b><b>and </b><b><i>Lentilactobacillus kefiri</i></b>

Among probiotics, Lactic Acid Bacteria modulate host immunity via strain-specific molecular patterns. The invertebrate model <i>Galleria mellonella</i> offers conserved innate immune pathways and is increasingly applied for preclinical screening of probiotic functions.We evaluated the immunomodulatory activity of <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> ATCC 14917 and <i>Lentilactobacillus kefiri</i> DSM 10551 in <i>G. mellonella</i>. <i>Larvae</i> were injected with 10⁶ CFU/larva of each strain, and survival and health indices were monitored for 72 h. The temporal transcriptional response of ten innate immunity-related genes, including Toll and IMD signalling, Toll receptor, cytokine-like ligand, and antimicrobial effectors, was assessed via qRT-PCR over 3–24 hours, complemented by correlation and hierarchical clustering to identify co-expression modules and strain-specific transcriptional patterns.Both strains were non-toxic and induced strain-dependent gene expression patterns. <i>L. plantarum</i> induced a stronger and more sustained activation of immune signalling pathways and effector responses, whereas <i>L. kefiri</i> was characterised by an earlier and prolonged activation of stress-related and tissue-protective mechanisms. Correlation and clustering analyses revealed distinct co-expression modules that reflect modulation of the Toll and IMD pathways.These findings suggest that <i>G. mellonella</i> could serve as a cost-effective in vivo model for functional screening of <i>Lactobacillus</i> spp. with immunomodulatory potential and possible translational relevance to human innate immunity.

在益生菌中，乳酸菌（Lactic Acid Bacteria）可通过菌株特异性分子模式调控宿主免疫。无脊椎动物模型大蜡螟（Galleria mellonella）拥有保守的先天免疫通路，正日益被应用于益生菌功能的临床前筛选。

本研究在大蜡螟模型中评估了植物乳杆菌（Lactiplantibacillus plantarum）ATCC 14917与开菲尔乳杆菌（Lentilactobacillus kefiri）DSM 10551的免疫调节活性。研究人员向每头幼虫注射10⁶ CFU（菌落形成单位）的对应菌株，并连续72小时监测其存活情况与健康指标。通过实时荧光定量PCR（qRT-PCR）在3至24小时的时间窗口内，检测了10个先天免疫相关基因的时序转录响应，涵盖Toll与IMD信号通路、Toll受体、类细胞因子配体及抗菌效应分子，并辅以相关性分析与层次聚类，以鉴定共表达模块与菌株特异性转录模式。

两种菌株均无毒性，且可诱导菌株依赖型基因表达模式：植物乳杆菌可更强且更持久地激活免疫信号通路与效应应答，而开菲尔乳杆菌则表现为更早且持续更久的应激相关与组织保护机制激活。

相关性与聚类分析鉴定出了反映Toll与IMD通路调控的独特共表达模块。

本研究结果表明，大蜡螟可作为一种兼具成本效益的体内模型，用于对具备免疫调节潜力且可能与人类先天免疫存在转化相关性的乳杆菌属（Lactobacillus）菌株开展功能筛选。

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集聚焦于在Galleria mellonella临床前模型中比较两种乳酸菌（Lactiplantibacillus plantarum和Lentilactobacillus kefiri）对先天免疫的调节功能。研究发现两种菌株均无毒，但诱导了不同的免疫反应模式：植物乳杆菌激活更强的免疫信号通路，而开菲尔乳杆菌则优先触发应激保护机制。这些结果支持大蜡螟作为经济高效的体内筛选模型，用于评估乳酸菌的免疫调节潜力及其对人类先天免疫的潜在转化意义。