The role of Gd2O3 in Pt-based sulfur-resistant catalysts for CO oxidation

Graphical summary: The sacrificial agent Gd2O3 contributes to the dispersion of 1% Pt/CZLYGd active sites and promotes efficient catalytic oxidation of CO, and exhibits good resistance to SO2 poisoning for CO oxidation in SO2 -containing atmospheres. Fig. 1 Conversion rate of catalytic oxidation of CO by (a) catalysts and (c) carriers versus reaction temperature; Temperature histograms of (b) catalysts and (d) carriers at conversions up to T10, T50, and T90Fig. 2 XRD spectra of carriers and catalystsFig. 3 N2 adsorption desorption isotherms and pore size distribution of catalysts and their corresponding carriersFig. 4 H2-TPR spectra of (a) carrier and (b) catalystsFig. 5 Raman spectra of (a) carrier and (b) catalysts and bar chart of catalyst (AD/AF2g) ratio  Fig.6 Histograms of TEM morphology and grain distribution statistics of catalysts (a) 1% Pt/CZLY (b) 1% Pt/CZLGd (c) 1% Pt/CZLYGd and STEM mode imaging of catalysts (d) 1% Pt/CZLY (e) 1% Pt/CZLGd (f) 1%Pt/CZLYGd  Fig. 7 HRTEM and EDS energy spectra of the catalysts (A): HRTEM image for 1% Pt/CZLY, (a1): TEM dark-field image for 1% Pt/CZLY, (a2)-(a6): EDS energy spectra of Ce, Zr, La, Y, and Pt; (B): HRTEM image for 1% Pt/CZLGd, (b1): EDS energy spectra of 1% Pt/ TEM dark field image of CZLGd, (b2)-(b6): EDS energy spectra of Ce, Zr, La, Gd, and Pt; (C): HRTEM image of 1% Pt/CZLYGd, (c1)-(c6) :EDS energy spectra of Ce, Zr, La, Y, Gd, and PtFig. 8 Spectra of the three catalysts corresponding to (a) Pt 4f , (b) Ce 3d and (c) O 1s XPS; catalyst XPS data statistics for (d) Pt0/Pt (%), (e) Ce3+/(Ce3++Ce4+) and (f) Oads/Olatt  Fig.9 In situ DRIFTS patterns of CO adsorption over (a)1%Pt/CZLY (b)1%Pt/CZLGd and (c)1%Pt/CZLYGd catalystsFig. 10 (a) Thermal stability test of catalyst at 130℃ (b) Effect of 50 ppm SO2 on catalytic activity of catalyst CO