Landscape structure and farming management interacts to modulate pollination supply and crop production in blueberries

Pollination services are affected by landscape context, farming management, and pollinator community structure, all of which impact flower visitation rates, pollen deposition and final production. We studied these processes in Argentina for Highbush Blueberry crops which depend on pollinators to produce marketable yields. 
We studied how land cover and honeybee stocking influence the abundance of wild and managed pollinators in blueberry crops, using structural equation modeling to disentangle the cascading effects through which pollinators contribute to blueberry fruit number, size, nutritional content and overall yield. 
All pollinator functional groups responded to landscape changes at a spatial scale under 1000 m, and the significance or direction of the effects were modulated by the field-level deployment of honeybee hives. 
Fruit diameter increased with pollen deposited, but decreased with honeybee abundance, which, had indirect effects on fruit acidity and sugar content. Honeybee..., Sampling design and pollinator observation: 
In total we sampled pollinators on nine farms, eight in 2020 and six in 2021 —five of these farms were sampled in both years. Five farms had honeybee hives to enhance crop pollination while four rely on wild pollinators or feral honeybees (Appendix 1 Figure S1a). On each farm, we established an edge area (25 m from the field margin) and an inner area (50 m from the field margin), each comprising two 70 m transects running parallel to the field margin and separated by eight meters. On each of the four transects we selected 25 plants in full flower on which we conducted three 30-second pollinator counts, one in the morning, one at midday, and one in the afternoon. All sampling took place between 10:00 and 17:00 on sunny days with low wind and a temperature above 15 °C. We recorded the abundance of honeybees, small wild bees —any bee smaller than a honeybee — hoverflies (Syrphidae), and butterflies. Hummingbirds and large wild bees (bumblebees B..., , # From landscape and pollinators to crop productivity: the step-by-step of pollination service in blueberry crops

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.bg79cnphc](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.bg79cnphc)

**Data description**

Data sets and R code files employed to analyze the cascading processes involving landscape, farming management, pollinators, and pollen deposition, affecting several dimensions of blueberry production.

**Files**
1\. pollinators\.xlsx — Excel file holding data small \(sheet 2\) and large pollinators \(sheet 3\) for landscape analysis\. The sheet 1 describes all columns in sheets 2 and 3\. NA = not available / missing value\.
2\. land\_cover\_predictors\.csv — Land cover predictors\. This data set contains 13 columns, and each row corresponds to a different spatial scale by farm\. Columns description:

* Name: name of the farm where the data was collected.
* ORIG\_FID: identifier.
* arandano: blueberry (number of pixels, each of 9m2 resolution).
* arbustal: shrub land (n...