<b>Effect of intravenous lidocaine on catheter‑related bladder discomfort, postoperative pain and opioid requirement in complex fusion lumbar spinal surgery: a randomized, double blind, controlled trial</b>

Eighty male patients, aged 20-79 years, scheduled for elective fusion spine surgery at least two levels were randomly assigned to receive either intravenous lidocaine (1.5 mg/kg followed by 2 mg/kg/h) (Group L) or a parallel volume of normal saline (Group C). The primary outcome was incidence of moderate to severe CRBD in a postanesthetic care unit (PACU) between the two groups. Secondary outcomes included postoperative pain, 24-hour post operative opioid requirement, mild and moderate to severe CRBD at 1, 2, 6 and 24 hours postoperatively, patient satisfaction on Global Perceived Effect Scale (GPES), and the adverse effects of lidocaine and surgical complications.