Chromatographic analysis and antiproliferative potential of aqueous extracts of Punica granatum fruit peels using the Allium cepa test

Punica granatum L., locally known as romanzeira, is native to Asia but found throughout Brazil. P. granatum is used for treating inflammatory, infectious and respiratory diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chromatography and genotoxicity of an aqueous extract of P. granatum (pomegranate) fruit peel using the Allium cepa L. test. The experiment set-up entailed 7 treatments: T1-distilled water, T2-tea 5 g.L-1, T3-tea 10 g.L-1, T4-glyphosate at 9.6%, T5-glyphosate with subsequent recovery in distilled water, T6-glyphosate with subsequent recovery in tea 5 g.L-1 and T7-glyphosate with subsequent recovery in tea 10 g.L-1. The rootlets were collected and fixed in ethanol:acetic acid (3:1) for 24 hours, then stored in 70% ethanol under refrigeration. Analysis was performed using high performance liquid chromatography for the quantification of the extracted phenolic compounds. Gallic acid, catechin, caffeic acid, and rutin were abundant in the extracts of P. granatum. The extracts were found to exhibit antiproliferative potential but not antimutagenic or genotoxic activity.石榴（Punica granatum L.）当地俗称romanzeira，原产于亚洲，现广泛分布于巴西。该物种可用于治疗炎症性、感染性及呼吸系统疾病。本研究采用洋葱（Allium cepa L.）试验，旨在评估石榴果皮水提物的色谱特征与遗传毒性。实验共设置7组处理：T1为蒸馏水，T2为5g·L⁻¹茶液，T3为10g·L⁻¹茶液，T4为9.6%草甘膦溶液，T5为经草甘膦处理后于蒸馏水中恢复培养，T6为经草甘膦处理后于5g·L⁻¹茶液中恢复培养，T7为经草甘膦处理后于10g·L⁻¹茶液中恢复培养。收集幼根后，将其置于乙醇:乙酸（体积比3:1）固定液中固定24小时，随后转移至70%乙醇中冷藏保存。采用高效液相色谱法对提取物中的酚类化合物进行定量分析。石榴提取物中富含没食子酸、儿茶素、咖啡酸及芦丁。研究结果表明，该提取物具备抗增殖活性，但未表现出抗诱变或遗传毒性作用。