Genomics of parallel experimental evolution in Drosophila

What are the genomic foundations of adaptation in sexual populations? We address this question using fitness-character and whole-genome sequence data from 30 Drosophila laboratory populations. These 30 populations are part of a nearly forty-year laboratory radiation featuring three selection regimes, each shared by ten populations for up to 837 generations, with moderately large effective population sizes. Each of three sets of ten populations that shared a selection regime consist of five populations that have long been maintained under that selection regime, paired with five populations that had only recently been subjected to that selection regime. We find a high degree of evolutionary parallelism in fitness phenotypes when most-recent selection regimes are shared, as in previous studies from our laboratory. We also find genomic parallelism with respect to the frequencies of single-nucleotide polymorphisms, transposable elements, insertions, and structural variants, which was expecte...

有性群体适应的基因组基础是什么？我们利用30个果蝇（Drosophila）实验室种群的适合度性状（fitness-character）数据与全基因组测序数据（whole-genome sequence data）解答了这一问题。该30个种群隶属于一项历时近四十年的实验室演化辐射实验，涵盖三种选择方案（selection regimes），每种方案由10个种群执行，传代时长可达837代，且有效种群规模（effective population size）处于中等偏大水平。在共享同一种选择方案的三组各10个种群中，每组均包含5个长期维持于该选择方案下的种群，以及5个仅近期才接受该选择方案处理的种群。正如本实验室此前的研究结果，我们发现当种群共享最新的选择方案时，其适合度表型呈现出高度的演化平行性。同时我们还在单核苷酸多态性（single-nucleotide polymorphisms）、转座因子（transposable elements）、插入序列以及结构变异（structural variants）的频率层面观测到了基因组层面的平行演化特征，这与我们的预期相符。