Amount of benefits in group as a proportion of total program benefits

Benefit incidence quantifies how social protection benefits are distributed across the welfare spectrum. It is defined as the share of total program transfers received by each welfare quintile, calculated as the sum of transfers received by all individuals within a quintile divided by the sum of transfers received by all individuals in the entire population. The measure can be computed using either the pre‑transfer or post‑transfer welfare distribution to reflect benefit incidence before or after transfers. It is reported by program type (social assistance, social insurance, labor market) following the ASPIRE classification, and also in aggregate across all SPL programs. Benefit incidence includes both direct and indirect beneficiaries, providing a comprehensive view of who ultimately receives program resources.