Vaccines for COVID-19 - state of the art

Abstract Vaccine candidates against COVID-19 have diverse compositions, from traditional inac-tivated virus vaccines to various new-generation vaccines. Currently, approximately 175 research teams worldwide are studying various vaccine possibilities as the necessityto vacci-nate the entire population against the SARS-CoV-2 virus is urgent. Although, the development of a safe and effective COVID-19 vaccine is not easy, the manufacturing, distribution, and administration of the vaccine can also face extraordinary challenges. In this review, we enhance some of the current knowledge regarding the clinical trial phases on different COVID-19 vaccine candidates, its potential strengths and disadvantages, and to discuss ethical aspects and their chances of success in large-scale applications.

针对新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）的候选疫苗组分多样，从传统灭活病毒疫苗到各类新一代疫苗均有覆盖。当前，全球约有175个研究团队正探索各类疫苗研发路径，因全人群接种严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）疫苗的需求极为迫切。尽管开发安全有效的COVID-19疫苗并非易事，疫苗的生产、分发与接种同样会面临诸多非同寻常的挑战。本综述旨在完善当前针对不同COVID-19候选疫苗临床试验阶段的相关认知，剖析其潜在优势与不足，并探讨伦理层面的相关问题以及其在大规模应用中的成功可能性。