Venom-gland transcriptome and venom proteome of the Malaysian king cobra (Ophiophagus hannah)

Background: The king cobra (Ophiophagus hannah) is widely distributed throughout many parts of Asia. This study aims to investigate the complexity of Malaysian Ophiophagus hannah (MOh) venom for a better understanding of king cobra venom variation and its envenoming pathophysiology. The venom gland transcriptome was investigated using the Illumina HiSeq™ platform, while the venom proteome was profiled by 1D-SDS-PAGE-nano-ESI-LCMS/MS. Results: Transcriptomic results reveal high redundancy of toxin transcripts (3357.36 FPKM/transcript) despite small cluster numbers, implying gene duplication and diversification within restricted protein families. Among the 23 toxin families identified, three-finger toxins (3FTxs) and snake-venom metalloproteases (SVMPs) have the most diverse isoforms. These 2 toxin families are also the most abundantly transcribed, followed in descending order by phospholipases A 2 (PLA 2 s), cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISPs), Kunitz-type inhibitors (KUNs), and L-...背景：眼镜王蛇（Ophiophagus hannah）在亚洲多个区域广泛分布。本研究旨在解析马来西亚眼镜王蛇（Malaysian Ophiophagus hannah, MOh）蛇毒的复杂性，以深化对眼镜王蛇蛇毒变异及其蛇伤中毒病理生理学的理解。 本研究采用Illumina HiSeq™平台对毒腺转录组进行测序分析，并通过1D-SDS-PAGE-nano-ESI-LCMS/MS对蛇毒蛋白质组进行谱析表征。 转录组学结果显示，尽管毒素转录本的聚类数量较少，但毒素转录本的冗余度极高（3357.36 FPKM/转录本），这提示有限蛋白质家族内部发生了基因复制与功能分化。在已鉴定的23个毒素家族中，三指毒素（three-finger toxins, 3FTxs）与蛇毒金属蛋白酶（snake-venom metalloproteases, SVMPs）的同工型最为多样；这两类毒素家族同时也是转录丰度最高的，随后按丰度递减顺序依次为磷脂酶A₂（phospholipases A₂, PLA₂s）、富含半胱氨酸分泌蛋白（cysteine-rich secretory proteins, CRISPs）、Kunitz型抑制剂（Kunitz-type inhibitors, KUNs）以及L-...