Data from: Simultaneous exposure to a pulsed and a prolonged anthropogenic stressor can alter consumer multifunctionality

Ecosystems face multiple anthropogenic threats globally, and the effects of these environmental stressors range from individual-level organismal responses to altered system functioning. Understanding the combined effects of stressors on process rates mediated by individuals in ecosystems would greatly improve our ability to predict organismal multifunctionality (e.g. multiple consumer-mediated functions). We conducted a laboratory experiment to test direct and indirect, as well as immediate and delayed effects of a heat wave (pulsed stress) and micropollutants (MPs) (prolonged stress) on individual consumers (the great pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis) and their multifunctionality (i.e. consumption of basal resources, growth, reproduction, nutrient excretion and organic-matter cycling). We found that stressful conditions increased the process rates of multiple functions mediated by individual consumers. Specifically, the artificial heat wave increased process rates in the majority of the quantified functions (either directly or indirectly), whereas exposure to MPs increased consumption of basal resources which lead to increases in the release of nutrients and fine particulate organic matter. Moreover, snails exposed to a heat wave showed decreased reproduction and nutrient excretion after the heat-wave, indicating the potential for ecologically relevant delayed effects. Our study indicates that the immediate and delayed effects of stressors on individual organisms may directly and indirectly impact multiple ecosystem functions. In particular, delayed effects of environmental stress on individual consumers may cumulatively impede recovery due to decreased functioning following a perturbation. Reconciling these results with studies incorporating responses at higher levels of biological complexity will enhance our ability to forecast how individual responses upscale to ecosystem multifunctionality.全球范围内，生态系统正遭受多重人为活动带来的胁迫威胁，此类环境胁迫因子的影响谱系从个体层面的生物响应延伸至生态系统整体功能的改变。厘清胁迫因子对生态系统中个体介导的生态过程速率的联合影响，将显著提升我们预测生物多功能性（organismal multifunctionality）的能力，例如多类消费者介导的生态功能。本研究开展室内受控实验，旨在检验热浪（脉冲式胁迫）与微污染物（micropollutants，MPs，长期胁迫）对个体消费者——静水椎实螺（*Lymnaea stagnalis*）——及其生物多功能性的直接、间接、即时与延迟效应；该生物多功能性涵盖基础资源摄食、生长、繁殖、营养盐排泄与有机质循环等核心过程。研究结果显示，胁迫环境可提升个体消费者介导的多项生态功能的过程速率。具体而言，人工模拟热浪可通过直接或间接途径提升绝大多数量化检测生态功能的过程速率；而暴露于MPs环境的个体，其基础资源摄食量显著提升，进而促使营养盐与细颗粒有机质的释放量增加。此外，经历热浪胁迫的静水椎实螺在胁迫结束后，其繁殖与营养盐排泄能力均出现下降，这表明生态相关的延迟效应具有潜在研究与实践意义。本研究表明，环境胁迫因子对个体生物的即时与延迟效应，可通过直接与间接途径对多项生态系统功能产生影响。尤为关键的是，环境胁迫对个体消费者造成的延迟效应，可能会因扰动后个体功能的下降而累积阻碍生态系统的恢复进程。将本研究结果与纳入更高生物复杂性层级响应的相关研究相结合，将进一步提升我们预测个体响应如何向上尺度推演至生态系统多功能性的能力。