Welfare and Inequality in Finland 2020

The survey charted Finnish opinions on and experiences of welfare and inequality. The study was part of a project entitled Tackling Inequalities in Time of Austerity (TITA) funded by the Strategic Research Council of the Academy of Finland (decision numbers: 293103 and 314250), as well as the Inequalities, Interventions and a New Welfare State (INVEST) project funded by the Academy of Finland (decision number: 320162). First, the respondents were asked about their life satisfaction, mood, ability to achieve goals, perceived status in society and trust in other people. Feelings of loneliness, depression, failure, and happiness in the previous 12 months were also charted. Regarding income and personal finance, net income of the household and the ease of covering usual expenses with the income were surveyed. The respondents were asked whether they had received social assistance (minimum income scheme) in the previous year. The respondents' sense of safety was examined with questions on how often they interacted with or helped their neighbours, how safe they felt it was to walk outside in their own neighbourhood or in the population centre of the municipality late at night, and whether they had recently been concerned about becoming the victim of certain crimes (e.g. burglary, assault, sexual harassment). The respondents' views on how safe Finland is in general were also investigated. A number of statements about social assistance and social security were presented (e.g. all Finns are treated equally, the funding of social security is not sustainable, and that EU membership is a disadvantage to social security). Finally, the respondents were asked to what extent they agreed with statements about their own welfare and well-being, and how satisfied they were with their lives overall. Background variables included the respondent's gender, year of birth, household composition, household characteristics, housing tenure, type of accommodation, level of education, household income and expenses, and NUTS3 region of residence.

本调查旨在描绘芬兰民众对于社会福利与不平等的看法与经历。该研究隶属于名为“应对紧缩时期的不平等”（Tackling Inequalities in Time of Austerity，简称TITA）的项目，该项目由芬兰科学院的战略研究委员会（决策编号：293103和314250）以及芬兰科学院资助的“不平等、干预与新的社会福利”（Inequalities, Interventions and a New Welfare State，简称INVEST）项目（决策编号：320162）支持。首先，受访者被问及他们的生活满意度、情绪、实现目标的能力、在社会中的感知地位以及对他人信任的程度。同时，对受访者过去12个月内的孤独感、抑郁感、失败感和幸福感进行了调查。在收入与个人财务方面，调查了家庭的净收入以及用收入支付日常开销的便捷程度。受访者还被问及在过去一年中是否接受了社会援助（最低收入计划）。通过询问受访者与邻居互动或帮助邻居的频率、在深夜在自家社区或市中心的公共区域散步时的安全感，以及是否近期担心成为某些犯罪（如盗窃、攻击、性骚扰）的受害者等问题，来考察他们的安全感。同时，也对受访者对芬兰整体安全的看法进行了调查。呈现了一系列关于社会福利与社会保障的陈述（例如，所有芬兰人受到平等对待，社会保障的资金来源不可持续，以及欧盟成员国身份对社会保障构成不利）。最后，受访者被问及他们对自身福利与幸福的看法，以及他们对生活的整体满意度。背景变量包括受访者的性别、出生年份、家庭构成、家庭特征、住房状况、居住类型、教育水平、家庭收入与支出，以及居住地的NUTS3区域。