Flow-electrode capacitive deionization utilizing three-dimensional foam current collector for real seawater desalination

1.The CFD and AC simulations.2. Time-dependent desalination performance and current change of FCDI devices by using different current collectors; SRE and CE of FCDI devices by using different current collectors. 3.Nyquist plots and Bode plots of EIS measurement for TM-FCDI and CF-FCDI device; CV curves of (c) 3D foam current collector and (d) titanium mesh measured in 3.5 g L− 1 NaCl solution; Current density curves of (e) 3D foam and (f) titanium mesh current collectors at 0.8 V plotted against scan rate in a non-Faradaic range. 4.Time-dependent desalination performance and current change of different pore sized 3D foam current collectors; The salt removal efficiency and charge efficiency of different pore sized 3D foam current collectors; The pumping energy consumption of different pore sized 3D foam current collectors; The electric energy consumption and total energy consumption of different pore sized foam current collectors.5.Time-dependent desalination performance of different AC content in CF-FCDI device; SRE and CE of different AC content in CF-FCDI device.6.The long-term desalting test of simulated seawater; The salt removal efficiency of different seawater samples; The long-term desalting test of real seawater sample from Yellow Sea and South China Sea in CF-FCDI device. 7.Time-dependent desalination performance of CF-FCDI and NF-FCDI in 3.5g L-1 NaCl solution with 5wt% AC content for 1 h; Salt removal rate and charge efficiency of CF-FCDI and NF-FCDI device; The Ni ion concentration in the saline water of CF-FCDI and NF-FCDI during 1h running time. 8.The Nyquist plots of NF-FCDI and GP-FCDI.