Data for: Mapping the evolution of accurate Batesian mimicry of social wasps in hoverflies

Hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) provide an excellent opportunity to study the evolution of Batesian mimicry, where defenceless prey avoid predation by evolving to resemble defended ‘model’ species. While some hoverflies beautifully resemble their hymenopteran models, others seem to be poor mimics or are apparently non-mimetic. The reasons for this variation are still enigmatic despite decades of research. Here, we address this issue by mapping social-wasp mimicry across the phylogeny of Holarctic hoverflies. Using the ‘distance transform’ technique, we calculate an objective measure of the abdominal pattern similarity between 167 hoverfly species and a widespread putative model, the social wasp, Vespula germanica. We find that good wasp mimicry has evolved several times, and may have also been lost, leading to the presence of non-mimics deep within clades of good mimics. Body size was positively correlated with similarity to the model, supporting previous findings that smaller species a...食蚜蝇（双翅目（Diptera）食蚜蝇科（Syrphidae））为研究贝茨拟态（Batesian mimicry）的演化提供了绝佳契机：无防御能力的猎物通过演化出与具有防御能力的“模型”物种相似的表型，从而躲避捕食。尽管部分食蚜蝇能精妙地模拟其膜翅目（Hymenoptera）模型类群，但另有一些类群的拟态效果欠佳，甚至完全不具备拟态特征。尽管历经数十年研究，这种拟态多样性的成因仍未明晰。本研究通过对全北区食蚜蝇的系统发育树开展社会胡蜂拟态特征映射分析，以此探讨这一科学问题。本研究借助“距离变换（distance transform）”技术，对167种食蚜蝇与广泛分布的推定模型——德国黄胡蜂（Vespula germanica）之间的腹部图案相似度进行了客观量化。研究结果显示，高效的胡蜂拟态曾多次独立演化，也可能多次发生拟态丢失，进而导致在高度拟态类群的演化支深处仍存在非拟态类群。体型大小与对模型类群的相似度呈正相关，这一结果支持了此前关于小型物种...