data_annotated_locations;code_data_processing_and_SSFs from Experience does not change the importance of wind support for migratory route selection by a soaring bird

Migration is a complex behaviour that is costly in terms of time, energy and risk of mortality. Thermal soaring birds rely on airflow, specifically wind support and uplift, to offset their energetic costs of flight. Their migratory routes are a record of movement decisions to negotiate the atmospheric environment and achieve efficiency. We expected that, regardless of age, birds use wind support to select their routes. Because thermal soaring is a complex flight behaviour that young birds need to learn, we expected that, as individuals gain more experience, their movement decisions will also increasingly favour the best thermal uplift conditions. We quantified how route choice during autumn migration of young European honey buzzards (Pernis apivorus) was adjusted to wind support and uplift over up to 4 years of migration and compared this to the choices of adult birds. We found that wind support was important in all migrations. However, we did not find an increase in the use of thermal uplifts. This could be due to the species-specific learning period and/or an artefact of the spatio-temporal scale of our uplift proxies.迁徙是一类复杂行为，其在时间投入、能量消耗与死亡风险层面均需付出高昂代价。利用热气流翱翔的鸟类（thermal soaring birds）依赖气流——具体而言为风力辅助（wind support）与上升气流（uplift）——以抵消飞行的能量消耗。它们的迁徙路线，实则是为适配大气环境、提升飞行效率而做出的一系列移动决策的完整记录。我们推测，无论年龄大小，鸟类都会借助风力辅助来规划迁徙路线。由于热气流翱翔是一项需幼鸟学习的复杂飞行行为，我们推测随着个体积累更多经验，其移动决策将愈发倾向于最优的热上升气流（thermal uplift）条件。我们量化分析了幼年欧洲蜂鹰（Pernis apivorus）在长达4年的秋季迁徙周期内，其路线选择如何适配风力辅助与上升气流条件，并将其与成年个体的路线选择进行对比。研究发现，风力辅助在所有迁徙过程中均发挥关键作用。但我们并未观测到个体对热上升气流的利用程度有所提升。这一结果可能源于该物种特有的学习周期，或是我们所采用的上升气流替代指标在时空尺度上存在的人为假象。