Pan-Arctic Oceanic volume, heat and freshwater transport time series during 2005 to 2006, link to model results in NetCDF Format

This paper presents first seasonal cycle of oceanic and sea ice net heat and fresh water (FW) fluxes across four Arctic gateways (Davis Strait, Fram Strait, Barents Sea Opening (BSO) and Bering Strait). The oceanic transports are estimated primary based on 138 moored instruments during September 2005 – August 2006. Sea ice transports are estimated based on PIOMAS data. Monthly volume and salt conserved velocity fields are obtained applying box inverse model. The results show that the oceanic and sea ice net heat flux is 175±48 TW. The oceanic and sea ice net FW flux is 204±85 mSv. We find that oceanic net heat transport variability is driven temperature variability in surface layer and volume transport variability in Atlantic Water layer. On the other hand, oceanic net FW transport variability is dominated by Bering Strait velocity variability. In terms of water mass transformation, the net effect of the Arctic is to freshen and cool the inflows by 0.65±0.22 in salinity and 3.68±0.73°C in temperature, respectively, and to decrease density by 0.26±0.19 kg/m**3. The volume transport into the Arctic of waters associated with the water mass transformation is 11.0±1.1 Sv (1 Sv = 10**6 m**3/s), and the export (similarly) is -11.2±1.1 Sv. The obtained net boundary heat flux and FW flux time series are useful to validate various numerical ocean models and air-sea surface heat and FW fluxes in the atmospheric re-analysis models.