A unified dataset of co-located sewage pollution, periphyton, and benthic macroinvertebrate community and food web structure from Lake Baikal (Siberia)

Sewage released from lakeside development can introduce nutrients and micropollutants that can restructure aquatic ecosystems. Lake Baikal, the world's most ancient, biodiverse, and voluminous lake, has been experiencing localized sewage pollution from lakeside settlements. Increasing filamentous algal abundance suggests benthic communities are responding to this localized pollution. We surveyed 40-km of Lake Baikal's southwestern shoreline 19-23 August 2015 for sewage indicators, including pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and microplastics with co-located periphyton, macroinvertebrate, stable isotope, and fatty acid sampling. Unique identifiers corresponding to sampling locations are retained throughout all data files to facilitate interoperability among the dataset's 150+ variables. The data are structured in a tidy format (a tabular arrangement familiar to limnologists) to encourage future reuse. For Lake Baikal studies, these data can support continued monitoring and research efforts. For global studies of lakes, these data can help characterize sewage prevalence and ecological consequences of anthropogenic disturbance across spatial scales.湖滨开发排放的污水会引入营养物质与微污染物（micropollutants），进而重塑水生生态系统结构。贝加尔湖（Lake Baikal）作为全球最古老、生物多样性最丰富且蓄水量最大的湖泊，正遭受来自湖滨定居点的局地性污水污染。丝状藻类丰度的上升表明底栖生物群落（benthic communities）正对该类局地污染产生响应。本研究于2015年8月19日至23日，对贝加尔湖西南岸线40公里范围开展了污水指标调查，检测指标涵盖药品（pharmaceuticals）、个人护理产品（personal care products）与微塑料（microplastics），并同步开展了着生藻类（periphyton）、大型底栖无脊椎动物（macroinvertebrate）、稳定同位素（stable isotope）与脂肪酸（fatty acid）的采样工作。所有数据文件均保留了对应采样点位的唯一标识符，以方便该数据集150余个变量之间实现互操作。本数据集采用整洁数据格式（一种湖沼学家（limnologists）熟知的表格排布方式）进行组织，以推动后续复用研究。针对贝加尔湖的相关研究而言，本数据集可为后续长期监测与科研工作提供支撑；而针对全球湖泊研究而言，本数据集可助力刻画不同空间尺度下的污水污染普遍程度，以及人为扰动所带来的生态后果。