Characterization of Grapevine Genetic Resources in the Comunitat Valenciana (Spain)

Grapevine cultivation is of historic importance arround the Mediterranean basin. The Spanish Levant is an area of notable grapevine diversity, where ancient varieties destined for producing wine, table grapes and raisins can still be found. For some of these neglected varieties, however, no complete description has ever been made; current legislation does not, therefore, allow their commercial use. The botanical characterization of old varieties is an important step toward their identification and can also help to clarify synonymies and homonymies, problems very commonly encountered with this crop. The present work provides ampelographic descriptions of seven genotypes for which microsatellite marker profiles were already available, and discusses the possible origins of their names, as well as instances of synonymy and homonymy. Seven accessions of ancient grapevine genotypes from the Spanish Levant were subjected to in situ ampelographic analysis following official methods. The characteristics of their leaves, bunches and berries were recorded. The ampelographic descriptions made in the present work provide insight into the history of cultivation of the examined genotypes and would pave the way for their inclusion in the Spanish national catalog, which would allow their commercial use. The information gathered on the possible origin of these genotypes’ names, and instances of synonymy and homonymy, enriches our knowledge of this recovered germplasm. The present results contribute toward our understanding of Europe’s grapevine genetic diversity, and highlight the need to conserve it.

葡萄栽培在地中海盆地区域具有重要的历史意义。西班牙黎凡特地区（Spanish Levant）拥有丰富的葡萄种质多样性，至今仍留存有用于酿酒、鲜食及制作葡萄干的古老本土品种。然而，其中部分被忽视的品种尚未有完整的正式描述，因此当前法规不允许其开展商业化应用。
古老葡萄品种的植物学鉴定是实现品种精准识别的关键步骤，同时也有助于厘清同物异名与同名异物的分类混乱问题——这类问题在葡萄作物中极为常见。
本研究针对7份已完成微卫星标记（microsatellite marker）分型的葡萄基因型，提供了葡萄品种形态分类学（ampelographic）描述，并探讨了其名称的可能起源，以及同物异名与同名异物的相关案例。
研究人员依据官方标准方法，对采自西班牙黎凡特地区的7份古老葡萄基因型种质资源（accessions）开展了原位葡萄品种形态分类学分析，详细记录了其叶片、果穗与浆果的性状特征。
本研究生成的葡萄品种形态分类学（ampelographic）描述，可为解析所涉基因型的栽培历史提供科学参考，并为其纳入西班牙国家种质名录铺平道路，进而使其可被合法商业化利用。
本次收集的关于这些基因型名称起源及同物异名、同名异物案例的信息，进一步丰富了我们对这类复苏种质资源（germplasm）的认知。
本研究结果有助于深化对欧洲葡萄遗传多样性的理解，并凸显了保护该类种质资源的必要性。