Evolutionary measures used to quantify trait-associated regions.

For each evolutionary measure (rows), the sequence pattern, type of evolutionary force suggested, and the corresponding time scale is given. Multiple selective and non-selective forces can shape these patterns. “%SNPs covered” is the proportion of SNPs from 1000 Genomes Phase III after quality control (n = 9,535,059) that have an annotation for the given evolutionary measure. For FST and XP-EHH, we used the following 1000 genomes superpopulation comparisons: afr-eas, afr-eur, eas-eur. XP-EHH: cross-population extended haplotype homozygosity (EHH). TMRCA: time to most recent common ancestor derived from ARGweaver.