Synthetic populations for epidemic, demographic and mobility models

This dataset contains harmonized synthetic populations for Spain, France, and Italy, tailored for use in large-scale simulation environments. Despite the heterogeneity of data sources and formats across the three countries, a unified data structure was designed to ensure consistency and interoperability. For France, the synthetic population was built using demographic surveys from INSEE, microdata from Progedo, the national building database (BDND), and education datasets from the Ministry of National Education. The Italian synthetic population was constructed based on extensive datasets from ISTAT, including census tract–level demographics, household structure, commuting patterns, and employment data by municipality and economic sector. In the case of Spain, the population synthesis relied on a combination of cadastral data, OpenStreetMap (OSM), and demographic and mobility statistics from INE, enabling a realistic representation of household composition, age distribution, and spatial mobility. Each country-specific pipeline involved data preprocessing, statistical calibration, and integration, ultimately producing synthetic populations with coherent demographic and spatial characteristics ready for simulation-based analyses.