Effect of resin content and pressing temperature on banana pseudo-stem particle boards properties using full factorial design

Abstract: The volume of global gross banana exports reached a record of 117.9 million tonnes in 2015 (FAO 2017), which agro-industrial wastes derived as the pseudo-stem, rachis and leaves do not have an industrial application instead they are discarded. This research study applies full factorial design and response surface methodology to determine the effect of pressing temperature and resin content on density (D), moisture (M), water absorption (WA), water swelling (WS), module of rupture (MOR), module of elasticity (MOE) and formaldehyde content (FC) of particle board made of banana pseudo-stem. A 22 factorial design was performed, factors considered were resin and temperature. The low level of resin was 15% in the coarse fiber (CF) and 35% in fine fiber (FF); high level as 25% CF and 45% FF. Temperature levels were 150ºC and 170ºC respectively. The boards met all quality parameters except ones with low resin content that didn’t meet WS parameter. Furthermore, resin affected positively on WA, FC and MOE, and decreased D, WS and MOR values. Meanwhile, temperature affected negatively on D, WS, and increased FC, WA, MOE, MOR properties; none of the factors affected M response. Process conditions were optimized to 162.61°C and 43.15% FF, 23.97% CF.摘要：2015年全球香蕉总出口量达1.179亿吨的历史峰值（联合国粮食及农业组织，FAO，2017），由此产生的假茎、果轴及叶片等农工业废弃物暂无工业化利用途径，多被直接丢弃。本研究采用全因子设计（full factorial design）与响应面法（response surface methodology），探究热压温度与胶黏剂用量对香蕉假茎颗粒板（particle board）的密度（density, D）、含水率（moisture, M）、吸水率（water absorption, WA）、吸水膨胀率（water swelling, WS）、静曲强度（module of rupture, MOR）、弹性模量（module of elasticity, MOE）及甲醛含量（formaldehyde content, FC）的影响。实验采用2²全因子设计，考察因子为胶黏剂用量与热压温度：粗纤维（coarse fiber, CF）的胶黏剂低用量为15%、高用量为25%，细纤维（fine fiber, FF）的胶黏剂低用量为35%、高用量为45%；热压温度设置为150℃与170℃两个水平。所制备的颗粒板除胶黏剂低用量组未满足吸水膨胀率（WS）指标外，其余组别均符合全部质量参数要求。分析结果显示，胶黏剂用量对吸水率、甲醛含量与弹性模量具有正向提升作用，却会降低密度、吸水膨胀率与静曲强度；而热压温度则会降低密度与吸水膨胀率，同时提升甲醛含量、吸水率、弹性模量与静曲强度，且两类因子均未对含水率产生显著影响。最终通过工艺优化得到最佳制备条件为：热压温度162.61℃，细纤维胶黏剂用量43.15%，粗纤维胶黏剂用量23.97%。