Phase II Archaeological and Historical Investigations of 44PG317, An Early 19th Century Free Black Farmstead, Prince George County, Virginia

This report presents the results of Phase 2 archaeological and historical evaluations conducted at 44Pg317, a 19th century domestic site owned and occupied by a freed black family from 1823 through the 1st decade of the 20th century. The Phase 2 evaluation indicates that the site, which contains intact features and fits into an historic context emphasizing the 19th century from the Federal and Antebellum periods through the Civil War and Postbellum periods. Further, since the site was owned and occupied by a free black family during that time, it can contribute to several themes within that context. These themes include studies of ethnicity and lifeways for a population which is underrepresented in the documentary records. Field evaluation of the site indicates that numerous intact features are present. Therefore, the recommendation has been made that the site be considered to be eligible for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places. As such the construction of the southbound lane of Route 295 will have an adverse effect upon the site. Phase 3 mitigative measures have been recommended and a suggested mitigation outlined.本报告呈现了44Pg317遗址的第二阶段（Phase 2）考古与历史评估成果。该遗址为一处19世纪民居遗址，自1823年至20世纪头十年均由一户获得自由的黑人家庭所有并居住使用。 第二阶段评估结果表明，该遗址留存有大量完整考古遗存，其历史背景可归入以19世纪为核心的历史语境，涵盖美国联邦时期、内战前时期、内战时期及内战后时期。此外，该遗址在上述时段内始终由自由黑人家庭所有并居住，因此可为该历史语境下的多项研究主题提供重要实证支撑。 这些研究主题包括针对文献记录中代表性不足的人群所开展的族群身份与生活方式研究。该遗址的野外勘查结果显示，其现存大量完整考古遗存。据此，本报告建议将该遗址认定为符合列入美国国家史迹名录（National Register of Historic Places）的资格标准。鉴于此，295号公路南行车道的修建工程将对该遗址造成不利影响。因此，报告建议实施第三阶段（Phase 3）文物保护缓解措施，并拟定了具体的缓解方案。