Nora Barnacle

Nora BarnacleNora Barnacle was born in Galway as the second of eight children of Thomas Barnacle, a baker and Annie Healy, a seamstress. She left school aged thirteen and, for seven years, worked as a portress in a convent until 1904 when she went to Dublin to work in Finn's Hotel. Soon after her arrival there she met JJ who was attracted by her natural manner, wit and determination.Less than four months later, they left for the continent and eventually settled in Trieste where JJ secured work at the Berlitz school. Their son Giorgio was born in 1905. Stanislaus Joyce joined them some months later and helped financially. Lucia was born in 1907 and by 1910, Eva and Eileen Joyce had come from Dublin to live with them, providing company and help for Nora.When war broke out, the family left Trieste for Zurich where they lived comfortably with income from patrons and publications. After the war they moved to Paris where they lived in hotels and later rented an apartment. In 1922, despite JJ's protests, Nora visited Galway with their children but had a bad experience due to the Irish Civil War.Though Nora recovered from cancer in the late 1920s, she was upset by Giorgio's relationship with Helen Kastor Fleischman and increasingly worried about Lucia's behaviour. She and JJ were formally married in London in 1931. Unfortunately, Lucia got worse, and she was finally institutionalised in 1936.The family fled Paris at the beginning of World War II. They lived for a year in the French village of Saint-Gérand-le-Puy before they managed to get to Switzerland in December 1940, four weeks before JJ died. Nora continued to live in Zurich where Giorgio also resided, with only brief visits to Paris to help sort out and sell what they had left behind. She died in 1951. Tim O'Neill

诺拉·巴纳克尔出生于戈尔韦，是托马斯·巴纳克尔——一位面包师傅——和安妮·希利——一位裁缝——的八个孩子中的第二个。她在十三岁时辍学，随后在1904年之前，七年间担任修道院的门房。抵达都柏林后不久，她遇见了被她的天然气质、机智和决心所吸引的J.J.。在短短四个月之后，他们便踏上了欧洲大陆，并最终在的里雅斯特定居，J.J.在那里的贝尔利茨学校找到了工作。他们的儿子乔治奥于1905年出生。几个月后，斯坦尼斯劳斯·乔伊斯加入他们的行列，并在经济上给予了帮助。卢西亚于1907年出生，到了1910年，伊娃和伊莲·乔伊斯也从都柏林搬来与他们同住，为诺拉提供了陪伴和帮助。战争爆发时，全家从的里雅斯特迁往苏黎世，凭借赞助者和出版的收入，他们过着舒适的生活。战后，他们搬至巴黎，起初住在酒店，后来租了一处公寓。1922年，尽管J.J.反对，诺拉还是带着孩子们访问了戈尔韦，但由于爱尔兰内战，她遭遇了不幸的经历。尽管诺拉在20世纪20年代末战胜了癌症，但她对乔治奥与海伦·卡斯托·弗莱施曼的关系感到不安，并对卢西亚的行为日益担忧。她和J.J.于1931年在伦敦正式结婚。不幸的是，卢西亚的状况恶化，她最终于1936年被送入精神病院。第二次世界大战爆发初期，全家逃离巴黎。他们在法国圣热尔曼莱普伊的村庄生活了一年，才于1940年12月成功抵达瑞士，那是在J.J.去世前四周。诺拉继续在苏黎世居住，乔治奥也住在那里，她只在巴黎短暂访问，帮助整理和出售他们留下的物品。她于1951年去世。蒂姆·奥尼尔