The latent HIV reservoir in the brain of people with HIV under antiretroviral therapy (ChIP-Seq)

A growing body of data suggests that the human brain serves as a sanctuary for HIV persistence despite life-long antiretroviral therapy. Microglia, the innate immune cells of the brain parenchyma,  may serve as a reservoir for rebound of HIV infection. The extent of the latent brain reservoir and molecular phenotype of HIV infected microglia cells, however, are unknown. To address this major knowledge gap, we leveraged the ‘Last Gift’ rapid autopsy cohort to perform a multi-omics approach (single cell RNA-seq, single cell ATAC-seq, and H3K27ac ChIP-seq) of the myeloid compartment creating a gene expression and chromatin accessibility atlas of human microglia isolated from three male individuals with HIV on suppressive antiretroviral therapy. CD45+ cells were isolated from the frontal cortex (Brodman area 9) of individuals infected with HIV