TABLE 1 in Orobanche dagestanica (Orobanchaceae): a new species from the Greater Caucasus

TABLE 1. The most important characteristics of Orobanche dagestanica, O. inulae, O. cicerbitae, O. arpica, and O. mlokosiewiczii (Caucasian representatives of the ser. Krylowianae); following Novopokrovsky & Tzvelev (1958), Rätzel & Uhlich (2004), Frajman et al. (2013), Rätzel et al. (2016b), Piwowarczyk et al. (2017b, 2018c, 2019, 2023) and the authors’ own studies in herbaria and in the field.
Species CharacterO. dagestanicaO. cicerbitaeO. inulaeO. arpicaO. mlokosiewicziiStem (cm)(30–)36–40(–45) × 1.0–2.216–37(–41) × 0.5–0.7(5–)15–30(–34) × (0.24–)0.3–0.6(20–)27–30(–35) × (3.0–)4.0–5.0(–6.0)(16–)30–40(–53) × 0.2–0.7(9.0–)13.7–18.4(–21.3) × (3.2–)3.9–4.2(–4.5);Inflorescence (cm)(15)24–30(–32)-flowered, ± dense, rarely lax, cylindrical to slightly ovate, densely glandular-pubescent (white hairs with ± pale yellowish gland), usually shorter than the remaining stem (sometimes occupying the entire aerial stem)(3.0–)6.5–15.0 × 3.0–4.0; 7–18-flowered, ± lax, shorter than the remaining aerial stem5.3– 9.5 × 3.0–3.5(– 4.1); 7–13-flowered, ± dense at upper part, sometimes lax at the lower, usually shorter than the remaining aerial stem(10–)12–13(–15) × 3.5–4.0; (12–)20–23(– 26)-flowered, usually dense or rarely lax cylindrical, shorter than the remaining aerial stem(3.0–)7.5–9.0(–15.0) × (2.5–)3.0–3.5(–4.0); (4–)10–12(–22)- flowered, ± dense, sometimes lax, shorter than the remaining aerial stemScales (mm)(15.0–)17.0–22.2(–25.9) × (5.0–)6.0–10.5(–12.2); triangulate-lanceolate to lanceolate, sparsely glandular-hairy to glabrous abaxially(9–)12–14 × 4–6; broadly ovate-lanceolate, glandular-hairy(13–)14–16 × (3.0–)3.7–6.0; a few lanceolate, glandular-hairy, brownish and glabrous when dry(15–)20–21(–25) × 6–7(–8); lanceolate, becoming sparse above(8–)15–17(–21) × (3–)4.5–5(–7); ovatelanceolate to triangularlanceolate, sparsely glandular-hairyBracts (mm)(13.0–)16.0–20.6(–21.3) × (3.2–)5.0–10.6(–11.3), shorter or rarely almost equal to the corollaup to 17; shorter than the corolla (equalling the corolla)13–16(–18); ± shorter than the corolla(16–)20–23(–26) × 3.5–4.0; shorter or rarely equalling the corolla(13–)16–17(–22) × (4–)5–6(–7); usually shorter than the corollaCalyx (mm)(8.2–)10.0–15.6(–20.0) × (1.7–)2.8–4.4(–5.0)8.0–8.5 × 2.1–2.2(8–)10–15 × (1.9–)3–4(11–)13–14(–15) × (2.5–)3.0–4.0(7–)9–10(–13) × (1.0–)1.5–2.5(–4.0)Calyx segmentsfree, simple, entire, narrowly lanceolate, sometimes almost filiform; long acuminate teeth with a ± ovate basefree, entire, base ovate and teeth narrow lanceolate to filiformfree, entire (rarely 2-toothed), lanceolate, teeth narrowly lanceolate, almost filiform at apexfree, clearly separate, simple, entire, or rarely unequally bidentate, with second small teeth, narrow, with teeth long, acuminate almost filiform at apex and with bases gently ovatefree, entire, ovate-subulate, teeth narrowly lanceolate to filiformCorolla (mm)(21.5–)25–29(–31.0) × (8.9–)10.0–11.3(–12.0); tubular-infundibuliform(21–)22–23(–25) × (6.8–)7.0–7.8(–8.3); ± tubular(15–)17–20 × 4.5–6.0; broadly tubular, tubular-campanulate(22–)24–26(–28) × (8–)9–10(–11); tubular to narrowly campanulate (slightly widening towards the mouth)(17–)20–23(–25) × (7–)10–12(–14); campanulate, rarely tubular-campanulate, with a conspicuously open throatCorolla—dorsal lineevenly curved at the base, straight at the middle part and bent forward at the apexstrongly curved (but ± deflexed at the distal part)curved at base, in the middle part almost straight, but ± deflexed at the distal partslightly curved in the lower part, less curved or nearly straight in the middle part and ± flexed forwards or straight at the apexslightly curved, at the distal part straight and strongly patentCorolla—upper lip2-lobed, slightly emarginate, with two rounded lobes, porrect first and patent or little curved upward (rarely deflexed)broadly 2-lobed to emarginate, lobes porrect at first, later patent2-lobed, evenly curved, emarginate or a little bilobed, porrect at first, later slightly patent2-lobed, slightly emarginate, with two broad lobes, these usually facing downward, more rarely slightly bent backward laterally2-lobed, slightly emarginate, later distinctly curved up and patent, not helmetshapedCorolla—lower lip3-lobed, obovate or ± rectangular to ovatetriangular, lobes erose or irregularly crenulate-denticulate on margins and sparsely glandular-hairy also in the inner part and marginsalmost equal 3-lobed, lobes large and spathulate with rounded and ± finely irregularly denticulate and glandular margin± equal 3-lobed, lobes large, ovate-rounded or angular, with crenate to irregularly dentate and glandular margin3-lobed, lobes ovate or ± rectangular to spathulate lobes, central lobe slightly larger than lateral lobes, lobes slightly and irregularly dentate on margins3-lobed, lobes ovate or ± rectangular to ± triangular and irregularly dentate on marginsCorolla—colourpink, pale pinkish-brown, pale pink to pale brown, with darker veinswhitish, slightly rose, pale brownish, like honeypale whitish, brownish-yellow, light yellowcorolla pale pinkish-yellow, yellowish-pink, with dirty pale pink veinspale yellow, whitish, rarely very pale pink(1.5–)2–3; in the lower half to 2/3 of theirFilaments— insertion (mm)— indumentum5–6 adaxial to 4.0–4.5 abaxial; densely villous in the base to middle part and glandular-hairy above3; basally and upwards above the middle with numerous long hairs, below anthers glandular-hairylength long-hairy, hairs septate, not glandular; almost glabrous above or glabrous at whole length, sometimes with scattered, short glandular hairs below the anthersadaxial at 5–6 mm above the corolla base, and abaxial at 4–5 mm; entire densely villous, with short glandular hairs below the anthers3.5–4.5 abaxial to 4–5 adaxial; at their whole length with numerous long hairs, almost longvillous, below anthers densely glandular-hairyAnthers (mm)2.6–2.8 × 1.5–2, pale brown; basally and along ¾ of suture distinctly and numerously hairy, apiculatedpale brownish, basally and along suture distinctly hairy, long mucronatebrown, glabrous or nearly (hairy at suture), distinctly acuminate(3.0–)3.5(–4.0) × ca. 1.5; pale brown 2.5–3.0 × 1.5; oblongoid, to brown, basally mucronate, pale brown; and along ¾ of basally and along ¾ of suture distinctly and suture distinctly and numerously hairy numerously hairy (0.4–0.8), mucronate (brown mucro)Stylewith very sparse short glandular hairs (more abundant and dense on the upper part)at whole length scattered glandular-hairyat whole length like on the upper end of ovary, glandular-hairyglandular-pubescent, with short and glandular hairs more abundant, conspicuous and dense on the upper partwith conspicuous, but very sparse and more abundant on the upper part, short glandular hairsStigmabilobed, lobes yellowbilobed, with broadly connected subspherical lobes, yellowbilobed, with broadly connected subspherical lobes, yellowbilobed, lobes elongated-spherical to ovate and ± flattenedbilobed, sometimes with a flattened distal surface, widely bilobed to ± oblong; bright yellowHostAsteraceae: Lophiolepis horrida, L. isophyllaAsteraceae: Prenanthes petiolata, Senecio propinquus, Caucasalia macrophylla, C. pontica, Pojarkovia pojarkovaeAsteraceae: Inula aspera, I. orientalis, I. magnificaAsteraceae: Psephellus pulcherrimusRanunculaceae: Aconitum cymbulatumDistributionGreater Caucasus: Dagestan in Russia. EndemicGreater and Lesser Caucasus: Russia, Georgia and Azerbaijan. EndemicGreater Caucasus: Russia, Georgia, Azerbaijan. EndemicLesser Caucasus: Armenia. EndemicGreater Caucasus: Georgia, Russia. Endemic
(Caucasian representatives of the ser. Krylowianae); following Novopokrovsky & Tzvelev (1958), Rätzel & Uhlich (2004), Frajman et al. (2013), Rätzel et al. (2016b), Piwowarczyk et al. (2017b, 2018c, 2019, 2023) and the authors’ own studies in herbaria and in the field.