Trust, Privacy & Data Sharing

The goal of this study was to measure the attitudes towards data sharing and data-collecting organizations before and after the introduction of the EU General Data Protection regulations (GDPR) among people in Germany. The data come from a three-wave split-panel web survey among people 18 years and older in Germany who were recruited from a German nonprobability online panel. In April 2018 (before the GDPR came into effect), 2,095 participants completed the Wave 1 questionnaire on device ownership, social media use, trust in different data collecting organizations, willingness to share data, general trust, awareness of and knowledge about the GDPR, and privacy concerns. In July and in October 2018 (after the GDPR came into effect), respondents from the earlier waves were invited to participate in a second and a third web survey that repeated most of the questions from the first wave. In addition to participants from the earlier waves, fresh respondents were also invited to Waves 2 and 3. A total of 2,046 (Wave 2) and 2,117 (Wave 3) respondents completed the questionnaire in the subsequent waves. 1,269 participated in all three waves. Topics: Wave 1 Possession of smartphone, mobile phone, PC, tablet and/or e-book reader; social media use: account with user name and password at selected providers (Google, Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Xing); trust in institutions (Google, Facebook, Bundesamt für Statistik, Universitätsforscher) with regard to the protection of personal data and reasons for this assessment; probability scale with regard to the protection of personal data at the above-mentioned institutions and reasons for this assessment; agreement with the import of personal data of the social insurance institutions to the survey data; general personal trust; awareness of the EU General Data Protection regulations (GDPR) ; knowledge test: goals of the GDPR (open); feeling of invaded privacy by the following institutions: Google, Facebook, government agencies, university researchers; general privacy concerns. Wave 2 Possession of smartphone, mobile phone, PC, tablet and/or e-book reader; social media use: account with user name and password with selected providers (Google, Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Xing); trust in institutions (Google, Facebook, Federal Statistical Office, university researchers) with regard to the protection of personal data; general personal trust; awareness of the EU General Data Protection regulations (GDPR); knowledge test: goals of the GDPR (open); consent to the storage of various personal data by Facebook or Google (name, e-mail address, home address, date of birth, telephone number, income, marital status, number of children, current location, Internet browser history, account names from other social media and data received from third parties); feeling of invasion of privacy by the following institutions: Google, Facebook, government agencies, university researchers; general privacy concerns. Wave 3 Possession of smartphone, mobile phone, PC, tablet and/or e-book reader; social media use: account with user name and password at selected providers (Google, Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Xing); trust in institutions (Google, Facebook, Federal Statistical Office, university researchers) with regard to the protection of personal data; general personal trust; awareness of the EU General Data Protection regulations (GDPR); knowledge test: goals of the GDPR (open); concerns about privacy in general; comprehensibility of excerpts of the contents of the EU General Data Protection regulations (GDPR) (resp. on passenger rights in the event of denied boarding and flight delays); estimated popularity of smartphones (proportion of smartphone owners per 100 adult Germans); repetition of the question on trust data collecting organisations (Google, Facebook) with regard to the protection of personal data and general personal trust; readiness for data exchange by Google (or Facebook or the Federal Statistical Office) for research purposes (or for commercial purposes). Demography: sex; age (year of birth); federal state; school education; professional qualification. Additionally coded was: running number; respondent ID; experimental groups GDPR Info; duration (reaction time in seconds); used device type to complete the questionnaire. The questionnaire also included two experiments, one on the effect of GDPR-related information on trust in data collecting organisations and one on the comfort of data sharing with different organisations for various reasons.本研究旨在测量德国民众在欧盟通用数据保护条例（GDPR）正式实施前后，对数据共享及数据收集机构的态度。本研究数据源自一项针对德国18岁及以上人群开展的三轮拆分面板网络调查，调查对象招募自德国某非概率在线面板。2018年4月（GDPR正式生效前），共有2095名受访者完成了第一轮问卷调研，内容涵盖设备拥有情况、社交媒体使用行为、对不同数据收集机构的信任度、数据共享意愿、总体信任水平、对GDPR的认知与了解程度，以及隐私焦虑状况。2018年7月与10月（GDPR正式生效后），研究团队邀请前两轮的受访者参与第二、三轮网络调查，问卷内容复用了第一轮的大部分问题。除原有受访者外，第二、三轮调查亦新增了招募的新受访者。后续两轮调查分别有2046名（第二轮）与2117名（第三轮）受访者完成问卷，其中1269名受访者参与了全部三轮调查。 **第一轮调研内容**：智能手机、移动电话、个人电脑、平板电脑及/或电子阅读器的拥有情况；社交媒体使用行为：在指定平台（谷歌（Google）、脸书（Facebook）、推特（Twitter）、领英（LinkedIn）、Xing）拥有带用户名与密码的账号情况；对各机构（谷歌、脸书、德国联邦统计局（Bundesamt für Statistik）、大学研究人员）在个人数据保护方面的信任度及该评价的依据；针对上述机构个人数据保护水平的概率量表评分及依据；对社保机构将个人数据导入调研数据集的同意程度；总体个人信任水平；对欧盟通用数据保护条例（GDPR）的认知程度；GDPR目标知识测试（开放式问题）；受以下机构侵犯隐私的感受：谷歌、脸书、政府机构、大学研究人员；总体隐私焦虑状况。 **第二轮调研内容**：智能手机、移动电话、个人电脑、平板电脑及/或电子阅读器的拥有情况；社交媒体使用行为：在指定平台（谷歌、脸书、推特、领英、Xing）拥有带用户名与密码的账号情况；对各机构（谷歌、脸书、德国联邦统计局、大学研究人员）在个人数据保护方面的信任度；总体个人信任水平；对GDPR的认知程度；GDPR目标知识测试（开放式问题）；同意脸书或谷歌存储各类个人数据的情况（涵盖姓名、电子邮箱地址、家庭住址、出生日期、电话号码、收入水平、婚姻状况、子女数量、实时位置、互联网浏览器历史记录、其他社交媒体账号名称，以及从第三方获取的数据）；受以下机构侵犯隐私的感受：谷歌、脸书、政府机构、大学研究人员；总体隐私焦虑状况。 **第三轮调研内容**：智能手机、移动电话、个人电脑、平板电脑及/或电子阅读器的拥有情况；社交媒体使用行为：在指定平台（谷歌、脸书、推特、领英、Xing）拥有带用户名与密码的账号情况；对各机构（谷歌、脸书、德国联邦统计局、大学研究人员）在个人数据保护方面的信任度；总体个人信任水平；对GDPR的认知程度；GDPR目标知识测试（开放式问题）；总体隐私焦虑状况；GDPR内容节选的可理解性（注：此处对应航班拒载与延误时的乘客权利相关节选）；智能手机普及率预估（每100名德国成年人中智能手机拥有者的占比）；重复调研对数据收集机构（谷歌、脸书）的个人数据保护信任度及总体个人信任水平的问题；谷歌（或脸书、或德国联邦统计局）出于研究目的（或商业目的）进行数据交换的意愿。 **人口统计学变量**：性别、年龄（出生年份）、联邦州、学校教育经历、职业资质。 **额外编码项**：流水号、受访者ID、GDPR信息实验组、作答时长（单位：秒）、完成问卷所使用的设备类型。 本问卷还包含两项实验：一项用于探究GDPR相关信息对数据收集机构信任度的影响，另一项用于探究不同原因下与各类机构进行数据共享的舒适度。