Table_2_Metabolome and Microbiome Signatures in the Leaves of Wild Tea Plant Resources Resistant to Pestalotiopsis theae.xlsx

Tea (Camellia sinensis) is an important crop that is mainly used in the food industry. This study using the metabolome and microbiome investigates the resistance factors of wild tea plant resources against tea gray blight disease, which is caused by Pestalotiopsis theae (Sawada) Steyaert. According to the interaction analysis of tea leaves and pathogenic fungus, the resistance of wild tea plant resource “R1” (Resistance 1) to tea gray blight disease was significantly higher than that of wild tea plant resource “S1” (Susceptibility 1). The difference between “R1” and “S1” in the metabolome was obvious. There were 145 metabolites that significantly changed. The phenolic acids and flavonoids were the major increased categories in “R1,” and it included 4-O-glucosyl-sinapate and petunidin-3-o-(6”-o-p-coumaroyl) rutinoside. Six metabolic pathways were significantly enriched, including aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, flavone, and flavonol biosynthesis. In terms of bacteria, there was no significant difference between “S1” and “R1” in the principal component analysis (PCA). Pseudomonas was the major bacterial genus in “S1” and “R1.” In addition, each of the two resources had its own predominant genus: Cellvibirio was a predominant bacterial genus in “S1” and Candidatus_competibacter was a predominant bacterial genus in “R1.” In terms of fungi, the fungal diversity and the abundance of the two tea plant resource samples could be distinguished clearly. The fungal component of “S1” was more abundant than that of “R1” at the genus level. Toxicocladosporium was the predominant fungal genus of “S1,” and Filobasidium was the predominant fungal genus of “R1.” The relative abundance of unclassified-norank-norank-Chloroplast and Penicillium were significantly different between “S1” and “R1.” Penicillium was identified as a potential biomarker. They correlated with some metabolites enriched in “S1” or “R1,” such as L-arginine and quercetin-3-o-(2”-o-rhamnosyl) rutinoside-7-o-glucoside. Overall, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and Penicillium could be functional metabolites or microorganisms that contributed to improving the resistance of wild tea plant resources to tea gray blight disease.

茶（Camellia sinensis）作为一项重要的农作物，在食品工业中占据着举足轻重的地位。本研究利用代谢组和微生物组技术，探讨了野生茶树资源对茶树灰斑病的抗性机制，该病由 Pestalotiopsis theae (Sawada) Steyaert 引起。通过对茶叶与病原真菌的相互作用分析，发现野生茶树资源“R1”（抗性1）对茶树灰斑病的抗性显著高于“S1”（易感性1）。在代谢组水平上，“R1”与“S1”的差异显著，共有145种代谢物发生显著变化。在“R1”中，酚酸和黄酮类物质显著增加，包括4-O-葡萄糖基-异硫氰酸酯和飞燕草素-3-O-(6”-O-咖啡酰)芸香糖苷。六条代谢途径显著富集，包括氨基酸酰-tRNA生物合成、黄酮和黄酮醇生物合成途径。在细菌方面，主成分分析（PCA）显示“S1”与“R1”之间无显著差异。在“S1”和“R1”中，假单胞菌是主要的细菌属。此外，两种资源各自具有其优势菌属：在“S1”中，纤维单胞菌是优势菌属，而在“R1”中，Candidatus_competibacter 是优势菌属。在真菌方面，两种茶树资源样本的真菌多样性和丰度可以清晰区分。在属水平上，“S1”的真菌成分比“R1”更为丰富。毒节霉是“S1”中的优势真菌属，而毛霉是“R1”中的优势真菌属。未分类的叶绿体和青霉在“S1”和“R1”中的相对丰度存在显著差异，青霉被鉴定为潜在生物标志物。它们与“S1”或“R1”中富集的一些代谢物相关联，如L-精氨酸和槲皮素-3-O-(2”-O-葡萄吡喃糖)芸香糖苷-7-O-葡萄糖苷。总体而言，酚酸、黄酮和青霉可能作为功能代谢物或微生物，有助于提高野生茶树资源对茶树灰斑病的抗性。