Complete Great Barrier Reef (GBR) Island and Reef Feature boundaries including Torres Strait Version 1b (NESP TWQ 3.13, AIMS, TSRA, GBRMPA)

This dataset consists of a shapefile of the reefs, islands, sand banks, cays and rocks of the whole Great Barrier Reef (GBR) including Torres Strait. This dataset is an extension of the mapping in the GBR Marine Park to include Torres Strait. The Torres Strait region was mapped at a scale of 1:50,000 (Lawrey, E. P., Stewart M., 2016) and these new features are referred to as the "Torres Strait Reef and Island Features" dataset. The Complete GBR Reef and Island Features dataset integrates the "Torres Strait Features" dataset with the existing "GBR Features" (Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, 2007) to create a single composite dataset of the whole Great Barrier Reef. This dataset includes 9600 features overall with 5685 from the "GBR Features" dataset and 3927 from the "Torres Strait Reef and Island Features" dataset.These two datasets can be easily separated if necessary based on the "DATASET" attribute.All new mapped features in Torres Strait were allocated permanent IDs (such as 10-479 for Thursday Island and 09-246 for Mabuiag Reef). These IDs are for easy unambiguous communication of features, especially for unnamed features. The reference imagery used for the mapping of the reefs is available on request as it is large (~45 GB). These files are saved in the eAtlas enduring repository. Methods:This project mapped Torres Strait using a combination of existing island datasets as well as a semi-automated and manual digitising of marine features (reefs and sand banks) from the latest aerial and satellite imagery. No features were added to the dataset without confirmed evidence of their existence and position from at least two satellite image sources.The Torres Strait Reef and Island Feature mapping was integrated with the existing "GBR Features" dataset by GBRMPA to ensure that there were no duplicate feature ID allocations and to create a single dataset of the whole GBR.The overall dataset development was as follows:1. Dataset collation and image preparation: - Collation of existing maps and datasets. - Download and preparation of the Landsat 5, 7, and 8 satellite image archive for Torres Strait. - Spatial position correction of Landsat imagery against a known reference image. 2. Sand Bank features: - Manual digitisation of sand banks from Landsat 5 imagery. - Conversion to a polygon shapefile for integration with the reef features.3. Reef features: - Semi-automated digitisation of the marine features from Landsat 5 imagery. - Manual trimming, cleaning and checking of marine features against available aerial and satellite imagery.4. Island features: - Compilation of island features from existing datasets (DNRM 1:25k Queensland Coastline, and Geoscience Australia Geodata Coast 100k 2004) - Correction of the island features from available aerial and Landsat imagery.5. Merging: of marine and island features into one dataset.6. Classification: of mapped features, including splitting fringing reefs based on changes in classification.7. ID allocation: - Clustering to make groups of related features (i.e. an island, plus its fringing reefs and related sand banks; a reef plus its neighbouring patch reefs, etc.). - Merging with the GBR Features dataset. This was to ensure that there were no duplicate allocations of feature IDs. This involved removing any overlapping features above the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park from the GBR Feature dataset. - Allocation of group IDs (i.e. 10-362) following the scheme used in the GBR Features dataset. Using R scripting. - Allocation of subgroup IDs (10-362b) to each feature in the dataset. Using R scripting.8. Allocation of names: - Names of features were copied from some existing maps (Nautical Charts, 250k, 100k Topographic maps, CSIRO Torres Strait Atlas).For more information about the methods used in the development of this dataset see the associated technical report (Lawrey, E. P., Stewart M., 2016)Limitations:This dataset has mapped features from remote sensing and thus in some parts of Torres Strait where it is very turbid this may result in an underestimate of boundary of features. It also means that some features may be missing from the dataset.This dataset is NOT SUITABLE FOR NAVIGATION.The classification of features in this dataset was determined from remote sensing and not in-situ surveys. Each feature has a confidence rating associated with this classification. Features with a 'Low' confidence should be considered only as guidance.This project only digitised reefs in Torres Strait, no modifications were made to the features from the integrated GBR Features dataset.Format:This dataset is available as a shapefile, a set of associated A1 preview maps of the Torres Strait region, ArcMap MXD file with map styling and ArcMap map layer file. The shapefile is also available in KMZ format suitable for viewing in Google Earth.TS_AIMS_NESP_Torres_Strait_Features_V1b_with_GBR_Features.shp (26 MB),TS_AIMS_NESP_Torres_Strait_Features_V1b_with_GBR_Features.kmz:Torres Strait features (3927 polygon features) integrated with the (GBRMPA) GBR Features dataset (5685 polygon features). This dataset covers the entire GBR. Data Dictionary:- DATASET: (TS Features, GBR Features) Which dataset this feature belongs to. This attribute is used when the Torres Strait Reef and Island Features dataset is merged with the GBRMPA GBR Features dataset.- LOC_NAME_S: (e.g. Tobin (Zagarsum) Island (10-147a)) Location Name: Name of the feature and its ID- GBR_NAME: (e.g. Tobin (Zagarsum) Island) Name of the features with no ID- CHART_NAME: (e.g. Tobin Island) Name of the feature on the Australian Nautical Charts- TRAD_NAME:    (Zagarsum) Traditional name. From various sources.- UN_FEATURE: (TRUE, FALSE) Unnamed Feature: If TRUE then the feature is unnamed. Useful for limiting labels in maps to features with names.- LABEL_ID: (10-147a) ID of the feature- SORT_GBR_I: (10147) ID of each feature cluster made up from the Latitude ID and Group ID. Used for sorting the features.- FEAT_NAME: (Island, Rock, Reef, Cay, Mainland, Bank, Terrestrial Reef, Other    ) Classification of the feature that is used in the GBR Features dataset. See 3.6 Classification scheme for more information.- LEVEL_1, LEVEL_2, LEVEL_3: Hierarchical classification of the features. See Appendix 3: Feature Classification Descriptions. - Checked: (TRUE, FALSE) Flag to record if the feature was reviewed in detail (at a scale of approximately 1:5000) after the initial digitisation. Unchecked features were only reviewed at a coarser scale (1:25000) to spot significant problems.- IMG_SOURCE: (Aerial, AGRI, Landsat, ESRI)    Imagery type used for the final digitisation checking and correction. (AGRI - AGRI PRISM by GA, Landsat is Landsat 8 or Landsat 5, ESRI - ArcMap satellite basemap)- CLASS_SRC: (Aerial, AGRI, Landsat, Google, Marine Chart) Imagery type used to determine the classification of the feature. Often the classification will be an aggregation of information from multiple image sources. This field will record the highest resolution source used. For some small features the classification was obtained from the Marine Chart, generally for Rocky Reefs. - CLASS_CONF: (High, Medium, Low) Confidence of the classification applied to the feature. The confidence is dependent on the clarity and range of the imagery available for classification.High - Clear high resolution imagery available (Aerial, Google) with good water visibility. Key characteristics of the classification clear visible. Feature classification fits the context for the neighbouring region. For unconsolidated features (such as sand banks) a High confidence classification would be applied if the shape, colour and context fit and in particular if movement is visible over time-lapse Landsat imagery.Medium - Moderate imagery available (Landsat 8 pan sharpened, some high resolution imagery) that shows key characteristics of the feature and the classification fits the context for the neighbouring region.Low - Only Landsat 5 imagery is available, the feature is small and its origin is unclear from the neighbouring context. This is the default confidence rating for any features that were not individually checked.- POLY_ORIG: (QLD_DNRM_Coastline_25k, New, GBR_Features, AU_GA_Coast100k_2004) Original source of the polygon prior to any modifications. New features correspond to all the mapped marine features. Most features from the other source would have been modified as part of the checking and trimming of the dataset.- SUB_NO: (100, 101, …) Subgroup number. Numeric count, starting at 100 of each feature in a group. Matches the subgroup ID i.e. 100 -> blank, 101 -> a, 102 -> b, etc.- CODE: (e.g. 10-147-102-101) Unique code made from the various IDs. This is a GBR Feature attribute.- UNIQUE_ID: (10147102101) Same as the CODE but without the hyphens, This is a GBR Feature attribute. Note: Version 1b, this attribution is currently out of date.- FEATURE_C: (100 - 110) Code applied to each of the FEAT_NAMEs.- QLD_NAME: (Tobin Island)    Same as the GBR_NAME- X_COORD: Longitude in decimal degrees east, in GDA94.- Y_COORD: Latitude in decimal degrees north, in GDA94.- SHAPE_AREA: Shape Area in km2- SHAPE_LEN:     Shape perimeter length in km- CHECKED: (TRUE, FALSE) Whether the features was carefully checked (at a scale of better than ~1:5000) and manually corrected to this level of precision. If FALSE then the feature was only checked to approximately a1:25000 scale.- PriorityLn: (TRUE, FALSE) Priority Label - If TRUE then this feature's label should be included in a map. Usually correspond to features with names. Use to reduce near duplicate labels of the islands and their surrounding fringing reefs.- COUNTRY: (Australia, Papua-New Guinea) Sovereignty of the feature. This is based on a spatial join with the Australian Maritime Boundaries 2014a. The Territorial Sea and the Exclusive Economic Zones were merged to create a mask of the Australian maritime boundary. Note this should not be considered authoritative.Version Change Log:- V1b (2016-04-19): First public release of the dataset.- 2025-04-09: Updated the metadata with more comprehensive citation information and associated a DOI with the dataset.References:Lawrey, E. P., Stewart M. (2016) Mapping the Torres Strait Reef and Island Features - Extending the GBR Features (GBRMPA) dataset. Report to the National Environmental Science Programme. Reef and Rainforest Research Centre Limited, Cairns (117pp.).Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority (2007). Great Barrier Reef (GBR) Features (Reef boundaries, QLD Mainland, Islands, Cays, Rocks and Dry Reefs) (GBRMPA), [Dataset]. Queensland, Australia: eAtlas Repository. https://eatlas.org.au/data/uuid/ac8e8e4f-fc0e-4a01-9c3d-f27e4a8fac3cData Location:This dataset is saved in the eAtlas enduring data repository at: data\custodian\2015-2016-NESP-TWQ-1\3.13_eAtlas_TS_mapping\data\TS_AIMS_Complete_GBR_Reef_and_Islands_2016

本数据集包含覆盖整个大堡礁（Great Barrier Reef, GBR）及托雷斯海峡（Torres Strait）的珊瑚礁、岛屿、沙洲、珊瑚礁岛与岩礁的矢量shapefile文件。本数据集是对大堡礁海洋公园测绘范围的扩展，纳入了托雷斯海峡区域。托雷斯海峡区域的测绘比例尺为1:50000（Lawrey, E. P., Stewart M., 2016），新增的相关要素被命名为"托雷斯海峡珊瑚礁与岛屿要素数据集"。完整大堡礁珊瑚礁与岛屿要素数据集整合了"托雷斯海峡要素数据集"与现有"GBR要素数据集"（大堡礁海洋公园管理局，Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, 2007），形成覆盖整个大堡礁的单一复合数据集。本数据集总计包含9600个要素，其中5685个来自"GBR要素数据集"，3927个来自"托雷斯海峡珊瑚礁与岛屿要素数据集"。若有需要，可通过"DATASET"属性字段轻松区分这两个原始数据集。

托雷斯海峡中所有新测绘的要素均分配了永久标识符（例如星期四岛为10-479，马布亚格礁为09-246），此类标识符可实现要素的清晰无歧义沟通，尤其适用于未命名要素。用于珊瑚礁测绘的参考影像数据体量较大（约45 GB），可按需获取，这些文件存储于eAtlas永久存储库中。

方法：本项目结合现有岛屿数据集，通过半自动与手动数字化的方式，从最新航空及卫星影像中提取海洋要素（珊瑚礁与沙洲），完成了托雷斯海峡的测绘。所有新增要素均需至少两种卫星影像来源的存在与位置佐证，方可纳入数据集。大堡礁海洋公园管理局（Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, GBRMPA）将"托雷斯海峡珊瑚礁与岛屿要素测绘成果"与现有"GBR要素数据集"进行整合，确保要素标识符无重复分配，并形成覆盖整个大堡礁的单一数据集。整体数据集开发流程如下：
1. 数据整理与影像预处理：
- 整合现有地图与数据集
- 下载并预处理托雷斯海峡区域的Landsat 5、7、8卫星影像档案
- 以已知参考影像为基准，对Landsat影像进行空间位置校正
2. 沙洲要素处理：
- 基于Landsat 5影像手动数字化沙洲要素
- 转换为多边形shapefile格式，以便与珊瑚礁要素整合
3. 珊瑚礁要素处理：
- 基于Landsat 5影像对半自动化提取海洋要素
- 结合现有航空及卫星影像，对海洋要素进行手动修剪、清理与核查
4. 岛屿要素处理：
- 从现有数据集（昆士兰州自然资源与矿产部1:25000海岸线数据、澳大利亚地球科学局2004年1:100000海岸地理数据）整合岛屿要素
- 结合现有航空影像与Landsat影像修正岛屿要素
5. 要素合并：将海洋要素与岛屿要素合并为单一数据集
6. 要素分类：对测绘要素进行分类，包括根据分类变化区分岸礁（fringing reef）
7. 标识符分配：
- 对相关要素进行聚类分组（例如某岛屿及其周边岸礁与沙洲、某主礁及其邻近斑礁（patch reef）等）
- 与"GBR要素数据集"合并，确保要素标识符无重复分配。此步骤需移除"GBR要素数据集"中位于大堡礁海洋公园范围外的重叠要素
- 遵循"GBR要素数据集"的标识符规则，使用R脚本分配组标识符（例如10-362）
- 使用R脚本为数据集中每个要素分配子组标识符（例如10-362b）
8. 名称分配：
- 从现有地图（海图、1:250000与1:100000地形图、CSIRO托雷斯海峡地图集）中提取要素名称

如需了解本数据集开发的详细方法，请参阅相关技术报告（Lawrey, E. P., Stewart M., 2016）。

局限性：本数据集基于遥感手段测绘得到，因此在托雷斯海峡部分水体浑浊度极高的区域，可能会导致要素边界估算偏低，且部分要素可能未被纳入数据集。本数据集**不适用于航海导航**。本数据集的要素分类基于遥感手段完成，而非实地勘测（in-situ survey），每个要素均附带对应的分类置信度评级，置信度为"低"的要素仅可作为参考依据。本项目仅对托雷斯海峡区域的珊瑚礁进行了数字化，未对整合入本数据集的原有"GBR要素数据集"中的要素进行任何修改。

数据格式：本数据集以shapefile格式提供，附带托雷斯海峡区域的A1预览地图、带有地图样式的ArcMap MXD文件以及ArcMap图层文件。此外，shapefile格式数据同时提供KMZ格式，可直接在Google Earth中查看。
- TS_AIMS_NESP_Torres_Strait_Features_V1b_with_GBR_Features.shp（26 MB）
- TS_AIMS_NESP_Torres_Strait_Features_V1b_with_GBR_Features.kmz：整合了（GBRMPA）GBR要素数据集（5685个多边形要素）的托雷斯海峡要素数据集（3927个多边形要素），覆盖整个大堡礁区域。

数据字典：
- DATASET：（TS Features, GBR Features）要素所属的原始数据集，用于区分合并后的托雷斯海峡珊瑚礁与岛屿要素数据集与GBRMPA的GBR要素数据集
- LOC_NAME_S：（例如：Tobin (Zagarsum) Island (10-147a)）位置名称：要素名称及其标识符
- GBR_NAME：（例如：Tobin (Zagarsum) Island）不含标识符的要素名称
- CHART_NAME：（例如：Tobin Island）澳大利亚航海海图上标注的要素名称
- TRAD_NAME：（Zagarsum）传统名称，来源于各类公开数据源
- UN_FEATURE：（TRUE, FALSE）未命名要素：若取值为TRUE，则该要素未被命名，可用于限制地图标签仅显示已命名要素
- LABEL_ID：（10-147a）要素标识符
- SORT_GBR_I：（10147）要素聚类组的标识符，由纬度标识符与组标识符组合而成，用于要素排序
- FEAT_NAME：（Island, Rock, Reef, Cay, Mainland, Bank, Terrestrial Reef, Other）GBR要素数据集中使用的要素分类类型，详细分类规则详见3.6节分类方案
- LEVEL_1, LEVEL_2, LEVEL_3：要素的层级分类体系，详见附录3：要素分类说明
- Checked：（TRUE, FALSE）要素核查标记：用于记录要素在初始数字化后是否经过详细核查（比例尺约1:5000），未标记的要素仅以较粗比例尺（1:25000）进行检查以识别重大问题
- IMG_SOURCE：（Aerial, AGRI, Landsat, ESRI）用于最终数字化核查与修正的影像类型。（AGRI指澳大利亚地球科学局的AGRI PRISM影像；Landsat指Landsat 8或Landsat 5影像；ESRI指ArcMap卫星底图）
- CLASS_SRC：（Aerial, AGRI, Landsat, Google, Marine Chart）用于确定要素分类的影像类型，分类结果通常整合了多源影像信息，此字段记录所使用的最高分辨率数据源。对于部分小型要素，分类信息来源于航海海图，通常为岩礁要素
- CLASS_CONF：（High, Medium, Low）要素分类的置信度评级，置信度取决于用于分类的影像清晰度与覆盖范围：
- 高：可获取清晰的高分辨率影像（航空影像、Google影像）且水体能见度良好，要素分类的关键特征清晰可见，且分类结果符合周边区域的地理背景。对于松散堆积物要素（如沙洲），若其形状、颜色与地理背景匹配，且在时序Landsat影像中可见形态变化，则可赋予高置信度评级
- 中：可获取适度分辨率影像（Landsat 8全色锐化影像、部分高分辨率影像），可清晰识别要素关键特征，且分类结果符合周边区域的地理背景
- 低：仅可获取Landsat 5影像，要素尺寸较小且从周边地理背景中难以判断其成因，为未单独核查要素的默认置信度评级
- POLY_ORIG：（QLD_DNRM_Coastline_25k, New, GBR_Features, AU_GA_Coast100k_2004）多边形要素在修改前的原始来源。"New"代表本次测绘新增的海洋要素，其余来源的多数要素均在数据集清理与修剪过程中进行了修正
- SUB_NO：（100, 101, …）子组编号，从100开始的数字计数，与子组标识符一一对应：100对应无后缀，101对应"a"，102对应"b"等
- CODE：（例如：10-147-102-101）由各类标识符组合而成的唯一编码，为GBR要素数据集的原有属性
- UNIQUE_ID：（10147102101）移除连字符后的CODE字段，为GBR要素数据集的原有属性。注意：版本1b中该属性当前已过时
- FEATURE_C：（100 - 110）对应每个FEAT_NAME的分类代码
- QLD_NAME：（Tobin Island）与GBR_NAME字段内容一致
- X_COORD：东经十进制坐标，采用GDA94坐标系
- Y_COORD：北纬十进制坐标，采用GDA94坐标系
- SHAPE_AREA：要素面积，单位为平方千米
- SHAPE_LEN：要素周长，单位为千米
- CHECKED：（TRUE, FALSE）要素是否经过精细核查（比例尺优于1:5000）并手动校正至该精度级别，若取值为FALSE，则仅以约1:25000比例尺进行检查
- PriorityLn：（TRUE, FALSE）优先标签：若取值为TRUE，则该要素的标签应纳入地图，通常对应已命名要素，用于减少岛屿及其周边岸礁的重复标签
- COUNTRY：（Australia, Papua-New Guinea）要素所属主权范围，基于2014a版澳大利亚海事边界空间连接结果生成，通过合并领海与专属经济区生成澳大利亚海事边界掩码。注意：本字段不应作为权威主权依据

版本更新日志：
- V1b（2016-04-19）：本数据集首次公开发布
- 2025-04-09：更新元数据，补充更全面的引用信息，并为数据集分配数字对象标识符（DOI）

参考文献：
1. Lawrey, E. P., Stewart M. (2016) Mapping the Torres Strait Reef and Island Features - Extending the GBR Features (GBRMPA) dataset. Report to the National Environmental Science Programme. Reef and Rainforest Research Centre Limited, Cairns (117pp.).
2. 大堡礁海洋公园管理局（2007）. 大堡礁（GBR）要素（珊瑚礁边界、昆士兰州本土、岛屿、珊瑚礁岛、岩礁与干礁）（GBRMPA）[数据集]. 澳大利亚昆士兰州：eAtlas存储库. https://eatlas.org.au/data/uuid/ac8e8e4f-fc0e-4a01-9c3d-f27e4a8fac3c

数据存储位置：本数据集存储于eAtlas永久数据存储库中，路径为：data\custodian\2015-2016-NESP-TWQ-1\3.13_eAtlas_TS_mapping\data\TS_AIMS_Complete_GBR_Reef_and_Islands_2016