Pattern of virus attachment of an avian influenza virus and a human seasonal influenza virus in the trachea and colon of 12 wild bird species and domestic chicken.

Scoring indicates attachment to ciliated cells for the trachea and intestinal epithelial cells from the crypts or villae for the colon.−: no significant attachment.±: attachment to rare or few cells.+: attachment to a moderate number of cells.++: attachment to many cells.+++: attachment to a large majority of cells.a: prevalence data are extracted from Olsen et al. 2006 [1] and are calculated considering altogether all low pathogenic avian influenza subtypes.b: attachment to intestinal epithelial cells in 1 of the 3 cormorants.c: attachment to intestinal epithelial cells in the crypts.d: attachment to tracheal goblet cells.e: attachment to colon goblet cells.