How evidence-based policymaking can help Nepal control air pollution

Air pollution in Nepal, particularly in Kathmandu, poses a significant threat to public health, contributing to a range of diseases from respiratory infections to chronic conditions like lung cancer and ischemic heart disease. This issue is exacerbated by the country's reliance on traditional construction methods and inadequate pollution monitoring. Despite the challenges, Nepal's commitment at COP26 to achieve net-zero emissions by 2045 and increase clean energy use presents an opportunity for substantial environmental improvement. This paper explores the application of evidence-based policymaking (EBPM) to address air quality concerns effectively. EBPM in Nepal involves rigorous data collection on air quality and traffic, comprehensive impact studies of current transportation emissions, and the integration of empirical evidence into policy development. Key initiatives such as the promotion of electric vehicles, sustainable urban transport projects in Kathmandu, and emissions reduction in brick kilns are highlighted as part of this approach. By adopting EBPM, Nepal can enhance the effectiveness of its policies, leading to improved air quality and public health outcomes, drawing on successful international examples like Kenya's Digital Matatus project. This paper argues that a systematic, data-driven approach to policy can transform Nepal’s transportation and environmental strategies, making them more sustainable and responsive to the challenges of air pollution and climate change.