Tongue microbiota in relation to the breathing preference in children undergoing orthodontic treatment. Breathing Preference & Tongue Microbiota in Orthodontic Children

Mouth breathing (MB) and craniofacial anomalies are interrelated and linked to pediatric obstructive sleep apnea. Both MB and orthodontic therapy can influence the oral microbiome. Here, we aimed to analyze the associations of tongue microbiota in children with orthodontic anomalies from the perspective of their breathing pattern before/during treatment with orthodontic appliances.This study examines the relationship between tongue microbiota and breathing preference in children with orthodontic anomalies.