CPTOND-2025

High-quality public transport operation network data serves as the foundation for urban transportation research, operational optimization, and sustainable development planning. China operates the world's largest and highest-ridership public transport system, where buses and metros jointly constitute the primary modes of urban mobility. Despite the critical importance of bus-metro systems, there remains a significant gap in comprehensive, integrated, and format-consistent bus-metro operational datasets available at the national scale. To advance and enhance China's existing public transport data resources, this study presents the China Public Transport Operation Network Dataset (CPTOND-2025). Based on data collection conducted in June 2025, this dataset systematically integrates bus operation networks from 350 cities and metro operation systems from 46 cities across mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macao, totaling 351 cities (with 45 cities having both bus and metro systems). CPTOND-2025 was constructed using scientifically designed methodologies that integrate data from professional bus platforms and commercial map APIs (Amap). Key technical processes include systematic route discovery, multi-source data fusion, coordinate system transformation, network segment analysis, and station projection, ultimately forming an integrated operational network with a total route length of approximately 3,408,000 kilometers (bus routes: ~3,375,000 km, metro routes: ~33,000 km). The dataset records key operational attributes including operating hours, fares, operating companies, and operational status, with bilingual field support in both Chinese and English. All data are stored in standardized Shapefile format using the WGS-84 (EPSG:4326) coordinate system, with an average spatial positioning accuracy of 5.08 meters. As a standardized, comprehensive, and open-access dataset, CPTOND-2025 supports diverse applications including operational efficiency assessment, network topology analysis, fare policy research, accessibility equity evaluation, transport network resilience analysis, and Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) studies, providing scientific data support for China's public transport management decisions while facilitating international academic exchange and comparative studies through GTFS format compatibility.